Does Dickens create a rrealistic figure in the character of Scrooge? :: English Literature

Does Dickens create a rrealistic figure in the character of Scrooge? A Christmas Carol When people read or watch a ghost story, they have certain expectations of it. People would usually expect the story to be scary, have an eerie feel, and have appropriate, creepy settings such as a graveyard or derelict house. Most ghost stories use darkness to create the right atmosphere. There is usually a wide range of characters such as a hero/heroin, a damsel in distress or someone in danger, a victim, horrible and creepy characters that maybe outcasts and most obviously a ghost. People expect the story to have a scary opening, that draws them in into the story making them want to read on, but that doesn't give anything away. The opening often gives some background information on the characters. There is quite often a murder or disappearance to be investigated. Most ghost stories have a closed ending where the mystery is solved or the ghost is disposed of. Fear, suspense and foreshadowing are important features in the plot of a ghost story. All of these factors usually crop up in a typical ghost story. Older ghost stories tend to be text based where as newer ones can be found in other media, such as films. Many films and television series of ghost stories have been produced. The more recent ones tend to drift away from the criteria of a typical ghost story by combining with other genres; where as the older stories seem to follow the expected features of a ghost story much more closely. The more modern ghost story films have mixed with the horror genre because it adds to the atmosphere of the story and makes it scarier. Ghost story films and TV programmers usually drift away from the typical ghost story line because they don't stick just to the ghost story genre; they tend to mix in other genre such as romance, murder mystery and especially horror! This is because the aspect of horror in the ghost story creates a scarier atmosphere that keeps the viewer interested. Films and TV mix other genres such as romance and mystery to keep the viewer interested and to make the storyline different, unique, so it's not similar to other films and programmers. It also enables the ghost story to have a twist in the storyline making it much less predictable there for drawing the viewer into the story and making them want to keep watching. Some examples of these are 'What lies beneath' and 'The Sixth Sense'. Both these ghost stories have a major twist in the plot very near the end and both keep the viewer in

Open-Book paper Essay

Alpha and beta decay are two types of naturally occurring radioactive decay. In alpha decay, an unstable nucleus emits an alpha particle (? ), a particle made up of two protons and two neutrons. For example:1 2 In beta decay, a neutron in the nucleus is converted into a proton and a beta particle (i ), an electron. Specifically, as protons and neutrons are both made of quarks, i -decay converts an up quark into a down quark; releasing a i -particle and an antineutrino (an antineutrino has no charge or mass, so does not affect the chemistry of i -decay). This occurs by the weak nuclear force. 3 For example:4 This table shows some of the differences between ? -decay and i -decay emissions:5 ?-decay i -decay Particle emitted helium nucleus electron Relative charge +2 -1 Relative mass 4 0. 00055 Range in air < 10cm < 10m Stopped by Paper Aluminium foil Deflection by electrical field Low High The fundamental difference between radioactive decay and nuclear fission is that, whereas radioactive decay is spontaneous, nuclear fission must be induced. In nuclear fission, when an unstable nucleus absorbs a neutron, it splits, emitting more neutrons and setting off a continuous chain reaction. This leads to products with nuclear masses around half those of the initial nuclei, whereas in radioactive decay, the initial and final nuclear masses are relatively close together. The other major difference is that fission releases considerably more energy than decay. This energy comes from mass lost in fission, according to the equation E = mc2, where E is energy, m is mass and c is the speed of light. Synthesis of Elements in Stars Stars produce their energy from nuclear fusion, in which nuclei join together to make larger nuclei. Hydrogen is used in normal-sized stars:(e+ represents a positively charged electron, and ? e is a neutrino). This process requires temperatures of around 13 million K and pressures of around 300 billion atmospheres. 6 When almost all of the hydrogen has fused, the helium nuclei can collide to make nuclei such as beryllium:7 This leads to the creation of further nuclei containing four nucleons: carbon, oxygen, neon and magnesium. Once all the helium has fused, further collisions take place between the created nuclei. This leads to the production of small amounts of hydrogen and helium, producing most of the first 18 elements, such as lithium:8. Lithium can also be produced by the collision of a Beryllium-7 nucleus and an electron. The nuclear process that takes place here is electron capture, in which an atom captures an electron, turning a proton into a neutron and releasing a neutrino. This happens by the weak interaction, like i -decay:9 Smaller amounts of lithium can also be produced in the fission of some nuclei by cosmic rays and in supernovae, when heavy stars become unstable and explode. 10 Producing Energy through Nuclear Fission and Fusion. In nuclear fission, an unstable nucleus absorbs a neutron, exciting the nucleus, causing it to oscillate and split into two smaller nuclei. This process releases more neutrons, causing more nuclei to split, and so on. This is shown in Fig. 211 with Uranium-235. The energy produced by nuclear fission, by E = mc2, is 3. 2Ãâ€"10-11 J per fission. 12 Uranium-235 is used to produce energy by fission – see Fig. 313. Controlling this reaction:   Uranium-238 is mixed with uranium-235. Uranium-238 nuclei absorb neutrons but do not react by fission, breaking the chain in the reaction. Graphite moderators placed in between the uranium rods reduce the kinetic energy of the neutrons produced so they can induce fission.   Boron-coated steel control rods absorb neutrons, and can be moved in and out of the reactor. If they are fully in, the reaction stops. Nuclear fusion takes place when, under certain conditions, two nuclei fuse together. For example, with deuterium and tritium:14 The energy produced comes from the mass lost – 3. 17Ãâ€"10-29 kg 15 16. By E = mc2, this gives out 2. 86Ãâ€"10-12 J per fusion. On earth, for this to happen the nuclei must be in ionised plasma at temperatures of 15Ãâ€"108 i C. The problem with this is that it must be kept away from the walls of the container to minimise heat loss. To do this, a tokamak is used. This uses magnetic currents to keep the plasma from touching the walls (see Fig. 417). The walls are made of graphite, which is not harmed by the temperature. Both fission and fusion have several advantages and disadvantages for use in producing electricity: Advantages Disadvantages Fission Uranium-235 produces 3. 7 million times the energy per unit mass as coal18   Uranium-235 will not run out on the same timescale as fossil fuels19. It produces no gases that directly cause global warming   Fission produces waste radioactive actinides, which are dangerous for thousands of years   Fission has led to disasters such as Chernobyl in 1986, which caused over 4000 deaths20 Fusion The fuel – hydrogen – is abundant   The radioactive waste products have half-lives hundreds of years less than those of fission   Fusion is safer than fission, as only small amounts of products are used   It produces no gases that directly cause global warming   The conditions required for fission are hard to produce. The process used to produce energy by fusion is not yet perfect – see below Challenges Facing the Development of Fusion Power Stations The major problem with fusion is generating and containing the conditions required for the reaction. As detailed above, a tokamak is used, this has some problems. The plasma still touches the bottom of the chamber, and where it does this; hydrogen reacts with the walls forming hydrocarbon radicals. These can form a film, which flakes away into the plasma, affecting performance21. Possible solutions include removing the film with lasers22 or using tungsten walls, which would not erode23. A probable source of a solution is the International Tokamak Experimental Researcher, currently being built in France. It will be used as a prototype to test the reaction on the necessary levels required. Fusion should be available to produce commercial power by 2040. References Used throughout the report:   Chemistry Review: Lise Meitner: Radiochemist, physicist and co-discoverer of nuclear fission, Gordon Woods, Volume 16 Number 1, September 2006 (Article 1); Fusion, Powering the future? , Chris Warrick, Volume 16 Number 1, September 2006; and Lithium, Chris Ennis, Volume 15 Number 31, February 2006 (Article 2). Salters Advanced Chemistry Chemical Ideas, George Burton et al, Heinemann Educational Publishers, Halley Court, Jordan Hill, Oxford, OX2 8EJ, ISBN 0-435-63129-9, first edition 1994, second edition 2000 1 Equation copied from page 3, Lise Meitner: Radiochemist, physicist and co-discoverer of nuclear fission; see above 2 Fig. 1 copied manually from Page 487, The exchange nature of forces, Advanced Physics, Tom Duncan, John Murray (Publishers) Ltd, 50 Albemarle Street, London, W1S 4BD, first edition 1972, ISBN 0-7195-7669-5, fifth edition 2000, reprinted 2002 3http://www. chemie. de/lexikon/e/Beta_decay, Beta Decay, (c) 1997-2008 Chemie.de Information Service 4 Equation copied from page 3, Lise Meitner. Radiochemist, physicist and co-discoverer of nuclear fission; see above 5 Table adapted from Page 20, Nuclear Reactions, Salters Advanced Chemistry Chemical Ideas; see above 6Where did the chemical elements come from? , Page 131, The Universe: A Biography, John Gribbin; published by Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London, WC2R ORL, ISBN 978-0-1410-2147-8, 2006 7Equation copied from Box 1: Nucleogenesis. Page 21, Lithium, Chris Ennis; see above 8Equation copied from Box 1: Nucleogenesis, Page 21, Lithium, Chris Ennis; see above.9 http://www. britannica. com/nobelprize/article-48278, electron capture with a Beryllium-7 nucleus, from the Encyclopaedia Britannica’s Guide to the Nobel Prizes, (c) 2008 Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 10. Where do the chemical elements come from? , Page 10, Salters Advanced Chemistry Chemical Storylines, George Burton et al, Heinemann Educational Publishers, Halley Court, Jordan Hill, Oxford, OX2 8EJ, ISBN 0-435-63119-5 first edition 1994, second edition 2000 11 Fig. 2 taken from http://www. astro. bas. bg/~petrov/herter00. html, lecture notes for astronomy. Bulgarian Institute of Astronomy http://www.astro. bas. bg/ 12 http://www. lancs. ac. uk/ug/bloomer/nuclearpower/theory. htm, Nuclear Fission and Nuclear Fusion, from the University of Lancaster, www. lancs. ac. uk 13 Fig. 3 copied manually from Box 2, Article 1 (see above); adapted from Chemistry Today, (c) E. Henderson, Macmillan Publishers Ltd, 1977. 14 Equation copied from Box 2, Fusion, powering the future? , Chris Warrick; see above 15 Mass of reactants and products given in proton masses in Box 2, Fusion, powering the future? Chris Warrick; see above 16 Proton masses converted to kilograms using the mass of one proton as 1.67Ãâ€"10-27 kg, from Data Sheet, Page 3, AQA GCE AS Physics A Unit 1, January 2007 17 Fig. 4 taken from http://www. jet. efda. org/pages/fusion-basics/fusion3. html, Fusion Basics, (c) EFDA-JET 18 http://www. virtualnucleartourist. com/basics/reasons1. htm, a website â€Å"intended to provide you basic information about the different types of plants and their principle of operation†, (c) 2006. The Virtual Nuclear Tourist 19 http://www. abc. net. au/rn/scienceshow/stories/2007/2080110. htm, an interview with Professor Martin Sevior from the University of Melbourne by the Australian Broadcasting. Corporation20 http://www. who. nt/ionizing_radiation/chernobyl/who_chernobyl_report_2006. pdf, the World Health Organisation’s report on Chernobyl 21 Chemistry Review: Fusion, powering the future? , Chris Warrick; see above 22 http://www. lasers. org. uk/paperstore/Cleaning14. pdf, Dust Removal from Next Generation Tokamaks by Laser and Flashlamp Cleaning, K. G. Watkins et al, Lasers and Laser Engineering, University of Liverpool, 2001 23 http://www. jet. efda. org/documents/articles/samm. pdf, Controlled thermonuclear fusion enters with ITER into a new era, Page 12; Ulrich Samm, EFDA-JET, 2003.

Literature review- should marijuana be legalised? Essay

The legalisation of marijuana has long been a debated subject, and not only in Australia But all around the world. People’s views in this area vary greatly, with many reasonable arguments for and against the issue. In this report, past studies and literature will be reviewed providing an understanding into the possible consequences of legalising marijuana as well as the views and debates regarded to the issue. The organisation, Gallup has been examining America’s attitude towards the legalisation of marijuana since the late 1960’s. Their studies show that in the past Americans have been opposed to the issue, with just twelve percent supporting the drug’s legalisation in 1969. However, in 1977 this number increased to 25 percent, and in 2000 rose again to 31 percent (Carroll, 2005). According to a new study by Gallop, the amount of Americans in favour of marijuana’s legalisation today has now soared to a riveting fifty percent. Including people between the ages of eighteen and twenty nine most in favour of its legalisation, and people sixty five and older proved to be most opposed to it (daily mail reporter, 2011) A predominant question in the debate relating to the legalization of marijuana is whether consumption would rise and by how much. Many people are concerned that if the drug became legal it would become more accessible, affordable, and acceptable in society, making an increase in consumption a big possibility. Rand, a drug policy research centre, conducted a study that supports this argument. â€Å"Results from these studies suggest that regular use of marijuana will Increase both in prevalence and in terms of average level of use with a fall in the monetary price of marijuana and a reduction in the enforcement risk of using marijuana. The precise increase in use, particularly in terms of average quantities consumed among users, remains unclear because of inadequate analyses of conditional demand. However, it is clear that the number (prevalence) of regular users will rise in response to both (Pacula, 2010).† According to Rand there is still an uncertainty towards how much marijuana consumption will increase post-legalisation, however, their models suggest that numbers could increase by fifty to one hundred percent or more. This would depend on the retail price, availability, advertisement and the federal response (Kilmer, 2010). If more people are using the drug, more people will be open to the health disadvantages marijuana has on the human  body. The primary reason why marijuana has been illegal in the past is because the drug does have many adverse health effects. In the same way the government protects people on the road by making them wear seatbelts; they also want to protect members of society from falling to the consequences involved with consuming marijuana. The government does have a certain level of responsibility over the safety of society, which is why many people believe that marijuana should remain illegal. The National Institute on Drug Abuse has surveyed and conducted many scientific research projects, all showing that excessive marijuana use has a serious effect on a user’s memory, social skills and capability to be educated (buddy, 2006). Intensive use can also lead to many long term effects such as depression, anxiety and personality disorders as well as an increased risk of getting bronchitis, lung cancer and other diseases of the respiratory system (NSW Government, 2011). Despite these effects of marijuana usage, it has proved that marijuana is no more harmful than legal substances like alcohol and tobacco. Which brings into question, why should marijuana be illegal when alcohol and tobacco consumption is allowed? An investigation by the British Medical Association actually went on to prove that alcohol and tobacco are far more addictive than marijuana. In fact, the drinking of alcohol and the use of cigarettes result in more deaths per year than does the use of marijuana.(marijuana safety, 1999) † Alcohol is more toxic, more addictive, more harmful to the body, more likely to result in injuries, and more likely to lead to interpersonal violence than marijuana† (safer choice,2010) If marijuana were to be legalised it could provide a safer alternative to alcohol and more harmful drugs. Substituting these drugs with marijuana could be a successful approach to the battle against substance abuse. Amanda Reiman describes what she has found in her study about the substitution of other drugs with marijuana. â€Å"Substituting cannabis for alcohol has been described as a radical alcohol treatment protocol. This approach could be used to address heavy alcohol use in the British Isles – people might substitute cannabis, a potentially safer drug than alcohol with less negative side effects, if it were socially acceptable and available.†( Reiman, 2009) Similar studies in this area went on to suggest that legalising marijuana will decrease road  accidents. By viewing statistics in areas where the drug has been allowed, researchers have found that there was nearly a nine percent reduction in traffic deaths (science daily, 2011). Marijuana has actually proved to have many medical uses, although sometimes they are completely overlooked. In the past, many studies have shown the drug to have several beneficial effects, these include, effective pain relief as well as providing aid to the side effects of chemotherapy and the symptoms of AIDS, multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, glaucoma and other serious illnesses.(co-ed magazines, 2010) In 1997, the National Institutes of Health published a report specifying the possible medical uses for marijuana. The report emphasized five areas of medical care that were most applicable. These included Stimulation of appetite and decreased cachexia, Controlled nausea and vomiting linked with cancer chemotherapy, Decreased intraocular pressure, pain relief and finally, the benefits in area of Neurological and movement disorders By allowing marijuana consumption the government would be providing many people with a cheaper and effective alternative for pain relief and other medical impa irments. Legalisation could also lead to further medical research and findings on the medical uses of the drug.( National Institutes of Health, 1997) ‘Though the benefits of medical marijuana are ignored by the federal government, many scientists seemingly agree that the benefits of marijuana from a medicinal standpoint heavily out weigh the risk when it comes to aiding patients’ (Gallagher, 2012) When looking at marijuana legalisation from an economic perspective many advantages are noted. a study lead by Dr. Jeffrey Miron reported that once legalised, If marijuana were to be taxed similarly to the taxation system used on alcoholic and tobacco products, Governments could be looking at annual savings and revenues of up to fourteen billion each year. This includes savings in areas like prohibition enforcement which is said to be around 7.7 billion dollars. Over 500 other economists are supporting Dr. Jeffrey Miron’s study and are calling for a debate considering the reason and basis behind marijuana prohibition. (Miron, 2005) Overall, views on the legalisation of marijuana vary greatly among the people of Australia and the world. Past literature and in depth studies have revealed many advantages and disadvantages in regards to the drugs legalisation. Society’s arguments  are centred around, the effects on marijuana consumption, health effects, health benefits, economic advantages and its harmfulness in regards to other legal drugs. Bibliography Vandaelle, I. (2012, Janurary 17). Majority of Canadians support legalizing or decriminalizing marijuana, new poll suggests. Retrieved 2012, from National Post: http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/01/17/majority-of-canadians-support-legalizing-or-decriminalizing-marijuana-new-poll-suggests/ 10 Major Health Benefits of Marijuana. (2010, September 2). Retrieved 2012, from Coed magazine: http://coedmagazine.com/2010/09/02/10-major-health-benefits-of-marijuana/ Cannabis is The Answer To Booze Problems. (2011, October 16). Retrieved 2012, from imarijuana.com: http://www.imarijuana.com/tag/medical-cannabis-dispensary Medical Marijuana Laws Reduce Traffic Deaths, Preliminary Research Suggests. (2011, November 29). Retrieved 2012, from science daily.com: http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/11/111129123257.htm Medical Marijuana Laws Reduce Traffic Deaths, Preliminary Research Suggests . (2011, november 30). Retrieved 2012, from The rational response squad: http://www.rationalresponders.co m/forum/30694 Record high: Gallup poll shows FIFTY per cent of Americans favour legalising marijuana. (2011, october 18). Retrieved 2012, from mail online: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2050348/Legalisation-marijuana-50-Americans-favour.html Carroll, J. (2005, November 1). Who Supports Marijuana Legalization? Retrieved 2012, from GALLUP: http://www.gallup.com/poll/19561/who-supports-marijuana-legalization.aspx Debate on legalising marijuana . (n.d.). Retrieved 2012, from Hun pages: http://ange1ica1.hubpages.com/hub/Debate-of-Legalizing-Marjuana Gallagher, P. (2012, April 30). Are the benifits of medical marijuana being completely overlooked. Retrieved 2012, from Activist Post: http://www.activistpost.com/2012/04/are-benefits-of-medical-marijuana-being.html Kilmer, B. (2010, September). Insights on the Effects of. Retrieved 2012, from Rand: http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/testimonies/2010/RAND_CT351.pdf

Carroway Clothing Essay Example for Free

Carroway Clothing Essay Re: Current accounting issues, employment benefits and financing options. Thank you for the opportunity to address the current accounting issues, employment benefits and financing options facing Carroway Clothing Limited (CCL) 1. SR& ED and Development costs treatment: In reviewing the financial statements it appears that the development costs and SR&ED treatment may not have been recorded appropriately. The SR&ED are tax credits to be used towards taxable income and should not have been recorded as government grants. Since CCL may not have needed them in the initial years, it can use SR&ED tax credits against taxable income in the future. It is necessary to identify all SR$ERD activities for proper recording practices so that the credits generated by the SR&ED can be used against future income. The $975,000 development costs can be expensed or capitalized depending on if the following criteria are met The project is technically feasible CCL intends of complete the project CCL has the ability to use or sell the product There is probability of future economic benefit will be generated Availability of adequate technical and financial recourses CCL has the ability to measure reliably the expenditures attribute to it. Since the Walton Work Wear line is in the production stage, its accumulated development costs should be capitalized. The Carroway Cool Top has not started it commercial production which would allow the development costs not to be amortized yet. Also interest costs on loans to generate financing for the R&D activates of a product can be capitalized rather than expensed. The capitalization of interest would allow CCL to reduce taxable income in the future when it is more profitable. I would recommend that CCL make the above changes immediately so that the financail statements are not incorrect. These changes would help CCL reduce its future taxable income when it may be more profitable. 2. Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. CCL currently has no allowance for bad debts. Even though CCL does not have issue with uncollectible, having an allowance account will provide CCL with the ability to write off debts such as the disputed shipment. Without being able to write off the shipment, will leave the Accounts Receivables overstated, which in turn leads to misstated financial statements. Having an AFDA would allow CCL to record the sale but also recognise that they do not expect payment from the client. Leaving this account on the accounts receivable would be misleading to CCL’s stakeholders as it would lead them to believe that CCL is expecting to receive the cash in the near future. IF in the future, the dispute is resolved and the payment is received, CCL can recover the bad debt at that time. I would recommend that CCL create a policy regarding Accounts Receivables immediately. The method for determining the bad debt amount should be determined by CCL management. Methods such a percentage of sales or a percentage of Account Receivables can be used. Whichever method is chosen, it should be consistent from year to year and the amount should be reasonable. 3. Long Term Debt or Initial Public offering. CCL is currently looking at an initial public offering (IPO) and long term debt as two options to help finance the new research and development (R&D) of new products. The bank loan can provided financial stability but will have the interest repaid over a longer time is higher and would be tax deductible. Banks may require financial statements that are audited. CCL will need to be able to prove that it can repay the loan as well as the interest. It may also be required to maintain a debt to equity ratio that may prevent it from taking advantage of other opportunities in the future. An IPO offering has the potential to increase capital which would improve financial rations such as the debt to equity. The increased cash flow will help CCL pay it current payables and reduce debt by negotiating better interest rates in the future. The disadvantage to an IPO would be the potential to lose control over the company and having to be more accountable to other investors. The IPO would also require the financial statement and note disclosure to conform to more stringent requirements, which increase the cost of producing the financial statements. Financial statements will need to follow IFRS and securities regulators generally require 3 years of annual audited financials. It should also be noted that there is a significant cost to offering an IPO and it can be difficult to evaluate the stock price of the shares. I would recommend that CCL consider the IPO as a viable on to its financing issue as it will be more beneficial in the long term. The change from ASPE to IFRS will be a short term challenge but can be overcome with appropriate professional assistance. I would highly recommend that CCL seek the opinion and assistance of a professional who deals with IPO’s. CCL is considering providing employees stock options as a way to reward its employees. As a CCPC, CCL will have no tax consequence for the employees receiving the stock options until they dispose of the shares. The amount taxed as employment income in the year of disposal is the difference between the option price and the FMV of the shares at the time of the option was exercised. The employee may be able to claim a deduction from taxable income equal to half this amount if the shares were worth less than the exercise price when the option was issued or the employee hold the shares for at least two years before selling the shares. There are many alternatives to rewarding employees besides cash bonuses and stock options. Options can range from published recognition to merchandise such as shirts that the company makes. Time off with pay can also work to  motivate employees for hard work. I would recommend that CCL consider alternatives such as free products and time off as these will be less costly to provide than the stock options. Doing an employee survey would provide feedback to the rewards that the employees would value most. CCL is currently facing a pending lawsuit regarding a chemical leak and the non-compliance with environmental regulations. When both of the following conditions are met the amount of the contingent loss must be accrued. Disclosure will be need if the following conditions are met: The likely hood that the verdict will be against CCL A reasonable estimate of the amount o f the lawsuit can be made. The lawsuit may also lead customers and the public to believe that CCL acted negligently. This will reflect poorly on CCL and may lead to decreased sales and a damaged reputation If there is no accrual, there should be disclosure in the financial notes, stating the nature of the contingency, estimate of the amount or that an estimate cannot be made and exposure to loss in excess of the amount accrued. If CCL does not disclose, it would be misleading to the financial statement user. I would recommend that CCL consult with their legal advisors immediately to determine the likelihood of a lawsuit and the potential liabilities. Also, CCL should be prepared to address the negative publicity that the lawsuit may create. Should you require further clarification on any matters, please do not hesitate to contact me. Carroway Clothing. (2016, Aug 16).

1.Examine the organisational context of your organisation, Essay

1.Examine the organisational context of your organisation, particularly its stakeholders and organisational culture. What are the key issues which enable and c - Essay Example Pepsi Inc’s overÐ °ll mission is to increÐ °se its shÐ °reholders investment. It does so by offering quÐ °lity products thÐ °t Ð °re sÐ °fe, wholesome, economicÐ °lly efficient Ð °nd environmentÐ °lly sound. It requires Ð °n orgÐ °nizÐ °tion Ð °nd working environment thÐ °t Ð °ttrÐ °cts the best people, fully develops Ð °nd chÐ °llenges their tÐ °lents, encourÐ °ges free Ð °nd spirited collÐ °borÐ °tion Ð °nd mÐ °intÐ °ins the highest stÐ °ndÐ °rds of integrity. Stakeholders are generally defined as any individuals or organizations who have the ability to directly or indirectly affect or are affected by the operations of a program. (WÐ °nous, Reichers, MÐ °lik, 2004) In Pepsi Inc there are two main distinctions concerning the type of stakeholder: internal and external. Internal stakeholders are typically all employees, and might include specific groups such as agency managers; program managers; front-line supervisors; direct-service employees; subject matter experts or occupational specialists; and evaluation, planning, and budgeting staff. External stakeholders are individuals or groups outside the organization that regularly exercise actions that can promote, inhibit, or change the operations of the organization. Types of external stakeholders who might participate include: elected officials, interest groups, union representatives, the media, customers, and citizens. Powerful externÐ °l stÐ °keholders Ð °re cÐ °pÐ °ble of dominÐ ° ting Ð °n orgÐ °nisÐ °tion’s strÐ °tegy. It is importÐ °nt to Ð °scertÐ °in eÐ °ch stÐ °keholder’s level of interest concerning the orgÐ °nisÐ °tionÐ °l purposes Ð °nd strÐ °tegic choices, Ð °nd the level of power they yield. Implementing Ð ° stÐ °keholder mÐ °pping mÐ °trix provides Ð °n insight into this, which in turn fÐ °cilitÐ °tes the understÐ °nding of Pepsi Inc’s politicÐ °l priorities. Pepsi Inc brÐ °nd nÐ °mes Ð °re Ð °mong the best-known Ð °nd most respected in the world. Some of the Pepsi Inc brÐ °nd nÐ °mes Ð °re 100 yeÐ °rs old, but the corporÐ °tion is relÐ °tively

Industrial Revolution in the 19th century Essay

Industrial Revolution in the 19th century - Essay Example The Victorian Era is one of the most popular eras in the history of Europe, particularly with respect to women. The Victoria Era had very well-established norms and practices for the women and all were expected to comply with those standards in order to live a respectable life. Women were not allowed to work. They were expected to get married at a very young age and take care of the family from that point on until death. The Victorian Era assigned man the responsibility of earning the bread while women were supposed to nurture the children. Women’s representation in social matters and in politics was negligible and their rights were subdued by men. Women’s movement in Europe commenced with the emergence of machinery in the days of the industrial revolution that surfaced in the 19th century. Replacement of the manual work with machine work brought the long-cultivated argument of the physical superiority of men over women to a halt. Although industrial revolution in the 1 9th century was beneficial for both Europe and America in terms of the technological advancement, yet one of the most important outcomes was the end it brought to the subjugation of rights of women by men in the Europe. In order to help their husbands run the finances, women had to enter the work force and assume roles that they had conventionally been denied in the Victorian Era. Industrial revolution brought an altogether revolution in the societal roles and perceptions of women. Women formed a new working group that acquired special attention of the society’s controlling power. Owing to the lack of pre-defined expectations of the society with the women as workers, the controlling power resolved to exploit the women. Women were taken extensive labor from and were compensated lesser as compared to the men. Here, then, is the "curse" of our factory-system; as improvements in machinery have gone on, the "avarice of masters" has prompted many to exact more labour from their han ds than they were fitted by nature to perform, and those who have wished for the hours of labour to be less for all ages than the legislature would even yet sanction, have had no alternative but to conform more or less to the prevailing practice, or abandon the trade altogether. (Fielden). Not only were the women subjected to injustice in the society, but they also had troubles managing their homes like they had been doing for centuries before. Nevertheless, with whatever they earned, they gained significant financial independence. Their work led them to personal grooming. The increasingly confident women were able to break free of the chains they had been tied with for centuries. Men saw the increased freedom of the women as a threat to their dominating role in the society, yet they could not overlook the benefits of the same. This led the notion of â€Å"equal but different† to surface, which men used to define women in the period of the industrial revolution. During the ag e of industrial revolution, Europe transited from the agricultural to the urbanized state which was the preliminary form of the Europe we know today. The industrial revolution caused a drastic transformation of the farm villages into the urban areas. One of the most obvious

Questions on 4 difrent subjects, each 4 paragraphs Essay

Questions on 4 difrent subjects, each 4 paragraphs - Essay Example This can be done as a dramatic scene/dialogue, or as an assay. If Malcolm X was standing perilously close to a cliff as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Jonathan Edwards walked by arguing about cosmological strategies, both men would stop to talk to the distraught Malcolm. Emerson would talk about if Malcolm committed suicide, he would be in effect killing part of God. Edwards, on the other hand would talk to Malcolm about the fate of hell fire for anyone that committed suicide. Malcolm would come up with different responses for both men. Emerson would go first, explaining that if Malcolm went over the cliff he would never find God. The search for God cannot be found after death, but during life. All of Malcolm’s experiences were trials and blessing that would bring him closer to God. The only thing Malcolm had to do was hear these experiences. Malcolm might reply that all of his experiences have told him the Christian God did not care about him. If Emerson’s views were correct, than Malcolm should jump off the cliff because the nature has related to him God does not exist, or worse does not care about him. After Emerson, Edwards would have to speak quickly to stop Malcolm from jumping. Edwards would speak about an all powerful God that had the power to damn him to hell for suicide. Suicide is the only sin God could not forgive, because the dead could not ask for forgiveness. Then Edwards would talk about the predestination of him and Emerson coming upon him as a sign Malcolm should live. Malcolm might hesitate two seconds before jumping after Edwards’ plea. This whole scenario would never happen due to the inner strength of the African American candidates given for this question. Malcolm X would not listen to Emery or Emerson, because of the differences between the three men. Malcolm would feel like both men as Christians and white men would never understand his point of view. 2- Anne Hutchinson, Mother Ann Lee, Mary Baker Eddy, What do the lives,