“A Martian Sends A Postcard Home” by Craig Raine Essay

In â€Å"A Martian Sends a Postcard Home,† Craig Raine uses many metaphors to describe what a Martian would see if he came to earth. In the first stanza Raine uses metaphors to describe what a Martian may think a book looks like. Raine makes reference to William Caxton, who was the first to print books in England, in the first stanza; â€Å"Caxtons are mechanical birds with many wings / and some are treasured for their markings. A book would resemble a bird when opened, the wings being the many pages, and many books have marked a spot in history or is cherished by the person reading it. In the next four lines the Martian observes the different emotions one may have while reading a â€Å"mechanical bird,† and although he’s never witnessed one actually flying, which is impossible, he notices that they are sometimes in someone’s hand. In stanzas five and six the Martian is trying to explain fog. â€Å"Rain is when the earth is television / It has the proper ty of making colours darker,† meaning when the colors are changed on a television the picture would look unclear, and cloudy even. Raine simply describes a car as a â€Å"Model T,† in the next two stanzas. Explaining a car to be â€Å"a room with the lock inside,† is a very imaginative metaphor. By writing â€Å"But time is tied to the wrist / or kept in a box, ticking with impatience,† Raine is expressing that the Martian is encountering a watch or a clock. In stanzas ten through twelve the Martian has come upon a telephone, which he describes as a â€Å"haunted apparatus,† which usually â€Å"sleeps,† and cries, or rings until it is picked up. Raine also adds the element of humor to the poem, an example is in the twelfth stanza when he writes, â€Å"And yet they wake it up / deliberately, by tickling with a finger.† The Martian believes that humans â€Å"tickle† the keypad with their fingers, when they’re making a call. â€Å"A punishment room / with water but nothing to eat,† is a bathroom. The Martian observes that â€Å"Only the young are allowed to suffer openly,† which is really when I child would be getting their diaper changed, and adults must be alone when they go to the â€Å"punishment room.† Finally, in the last two stanzas the Martian is describing the nighttime routine of humans, â€Å"At night when all the colours die / they hide in pairs / and read about themselves / in colour, with their eyes shut,† in other words at the end of the day humans close their eyes to fall asleep and dream. This poem uses a multiple metaphors to describe what a Martian would  encounter if he visited Earth. The poem is interesting to read because it requires the reader to use their imagination, the reader must think in order to figure out these everyday things the Martian is seeing for the first time, it’s somewhat of a brainteaser. It’s obvious that the Martian is seeing these things for the first time, it makes the reader wonder why a simple thing such as a watch or a clock is not found on his planet, is time insignificant were he’s from?

Coke Wars Case Study

Coke Wars Case Analysis: Competition, Strategy, and Implications Webster University Summer 2012 INTRODUCTION The rivalry between Coca-Cola & Pepsi can be deemed as legendary, â€Å"the top soft drink competitors in the world spend millions of dollars yearly to try and convince you that their version of soft drink is better† (Dotson pg 1).Over the past century, it seems they have feuded over everything from who has superior taste, to the pursuit into space, and more recently over NASCAR and the social media race. Regardless of who is ahead in the competition, the battles between Coca-Cola & Pepsi demonstrate important strategic adaptations that the corporations must execute so as to thrive in the constantly changing realms of customer satisfaction, business environments and technology.This paper will: 1) review the strategic issues presented in the â€Å"Coke Wars† case through the use of the Strategic Management Model as applied to both Coca-Cola & Pepsi; 2) highlight fundamental strategies & tactics so as to analyze the inherent competition between both corporations; and finally 3) discuss implications of concepts presented in the case for the middle manager so as to grasp lessons learned for future application.STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT MODEL (SMM) The text describes strategic management as â€Å"the set of decisions and actions that result in the formulation and implementation of plans designed to achieve a company’s objectives† (Pearce, Robinson pg 3). With this definition in mind then, the Strategic Management Model can be considered as a very useful framework by which managers plan and implement business strategies.More importantly, in today’s global business environment â€Å"firms need perfect processes that respond to increases in the size and number of competing firms; to the expanded role of government as a buyer, seller, regulator, and competitor in the free-enterprise system; and to greater business involvement in int ernational trade† (pg 3). Furthermore, while â€Å"businesses vary in the processes they use to formulate and direct their strategic management activities†¦the basic components of the models used to analyze strategic management operations is similar† (pg 9).In reaction to internal and external environmental business/economic pressures Coca-Cola & Pepsi have manipulated the SMM in various ways so as to remain viable/powerful competitors in their respective industry. Coca-Cola Model Application According to the Coca-Cola Company’s Annual Report 2011, they are â€Å"the world’s largest beverage company†¦with more than 500 nonalcoholic beverage brands†¦own the world’s top five nonalcoholic sparkling beverage brands†¦products bearing their trademarks, have been sold in the United States since 1886, and are now sold in more than 200 countries† (pg 1).Coca-Cola’s report to shareholders reveals that they are continuing to r emain competitive in the beverage/snack industry due to a multitude of intelligent strategic decisions. When analyzing Coca-Cola from the Strategic Management Model perspective one can determine that while the internal/external environment will always remain unpredictable, the development of viable plans/processes can assist a corporation in remaining flexible and responsive to necessary change. Coca-Cola’s Mission is â€Å"to refresh the world†¦inspire moments of optimism and happiness†¦create value and make a difference† (Annual Report Mission, Vision, and Values).Their current goals are â€Å"to use company assets—brands, financial strength, unrivaled distribution system, global reach and the talent and strong commitment of management and associates—to become more competitive and to accelerate growth in a manner that creates value for shareholders† (pg 1). Overall, the mission statement is quite powerful and accurately â€Å"describes the company’s product, market, and technological areas of emphasis in a way that reflects the values and priorities of the strategic decision makers† (Pearce, Robinson pg 10).With respect to Internal Analysis, the corporation has identified its â€Å"operating structure as the basis for financial reporting† and is broken down into 7 different operating groups (Annual Report pg 2). The method for financial reporting is important because this is where/how investors and executives alike assess the â€Å"quantity and quality of the company’s financial, human, and physical resources†¦and contrasts company’s past successes and traditional concerns with the company’s current capabilities† (Pearce Robinson pg 11).Coca-Cola’s Annual Report is well designed, informative, and relatively easy to read as well. An important internal analysis factor of note is that of leadership—CEO’s and Board members alike must adequately analyze the direction/vision of the corporation so as to not become â€Å"fixated upon past glories†¦instead embracing new opportunities† (Ward pg 3). The External Environment that the company experiences is one full of pressures to include: extreme competition, distribution system management challenges, and social responsibility struggles.Additional competitive factors include those of â€Å"but not limited to pricing, advertising, sales promotion programs, product innovation, increased efficiency in production techniques, the introduction of new packaging, new vending and dispensing equipment, and brand/trademark development & protection† (Annual Report pg 8). Concerning Strategic Analysis and Choice, Coca-Cola can be considered as â€Å"effective at building sustainable competitive advantage based on key value chain activities and capabilities† (PR pg 11) and have identified their bottling operations as equity method investments.The â€Å"investments a re intended to result in increases in the unit case volume, net revenues and profits at the bottler level, which in turn generate increased concentrate sales for the company concentrate and syrup business†¦when this occurs both the corporation and the bottling partners benefit from long-term growth in volume, improved cash flows, and increased shareholder value† (AR pg 7). The Long-Term Objectives should reflect areas such as â€Å"profitability, return on investment, competitive position, technological leadership, productivity, employee relations, public responsibility, and employee development† (PR pg 11).According to the provided case materials, the company has strong goals for the future and â€Å"has transformed into a more innovative, risk taking company†¦becoming more adventurous in responding to changes in the beverage market for healthier alternatives† so as to respond to customer desires, technology, and competitive environment (Ward pg 3). Co ca-Cola’s Generic Strategy is that of differentiation, making their products superior to those in the industry, â€Å"by stressing the attribute above other product qualities, the firm attempts to build customer loyalty† (PR pg 158).Their Grand Strategies can be defined as concentrated growth, market development, product development, innovation, vertical integration, turnaround, and strategic alliances. Coca-Cola is increasingly globalized and their Generic and Grand strategies seem to be creating valuable success for the corporation â€Å"and is transforming into a more innovative, risk-taking company† (Ward pg 2). Short Term Objectives for the corporation involve effective marketing strategies that appeal to existing customers and new clientele as well.They have embraced social media, the health craze and more recently the 2012 Olympics to successfully reach an increasingly global audience. In fact, â€Å"Coke’s strongest performance has been experienc ed in emerging markets in Russia, China, and Brazil, and has also improved its position in North America and Europe as well† (pg 3). Action Plans are incorporated and employed globally by executives and managers alike at Coca-Cola and those plans are laid out in the Annual Report.Everything from distribution systems, bottling methods, responses to competition, raw material acquisition, and investment plans are outlined which provides exact methods by which the corporation plans to remain a viable player in the industry. In sum they plan to â€Å"use the Company’s assets—brands, financial strength, unrivaled distribution system, global reach and the talent and strong commitment of management and associates—to become more competitive and to accelerate growth in a manner that creates value for shareholders† (Annual Report 2011 pg 1).Functional Tactics used by the corporation to achieve short term goals and attain competitive advantage include adoption of marketing strategies that appeal to not only health conscious customers but to a global audience. In fact â€Å"Coke is bringing out mid-calorie versions of some of its brands like Sprite and Fanta, and is teaming up with Grammy award winner Mark Ronson for its 2012 London Olympics anthem† (Hernandez pg 1).Additionally, Coke â€Å"continues to focus on selling soft drinks globally and even vows to rebuild Coke sales in the US market† through focusing upon non-carbonated sports drinks such as PowerAde, Aquarius, and Fuze (D’Altoro pg 2). Coca-Cola absolutely has Policies That Empower Action as demonstrated by the information contained in the Annual Report and via their website: â€Å"Work Smart: Act with urgency, remain responsive to change have the courage to change course when needed, remain constructively discontent, and work efficiently† (Coca-Cola Website pg 2).The â€Å"work smart† mentality allows for decisions to be made whenever possible at the lowest level of the corporation. Organizational Structure is segmented into the following areas: â€Å"Eurasia and Africa, Europe, Latin America, North America, Pacific, Bottling Investments, and Corporate† (Annual Report pg 2). Coke is predominantly organized into an international area structure that allows for operational efficiency and regional competitiveness.However Coca-Cola faces the additional struggle of remaining socially responsible to societies and environments in which it operates and has faced several legal implications with respect to human rights issues in South American Bottling plants (FRONTLINE). Nonetheless Coca-Cola reiterates that â€Å"despite the volatile environment, the company and its bottling partners have maintained operations and worked to provide safe, stable economic opportunities† for the people in nations that they operate in (FRONTLINE).Strategic Control and Continuous Improvement is facilitated by Coca-Cola’s organizat ional structure, leadership, and 2020 Vision campaign. In fact their website reiterates that in order â€Å"to continue to thrive as a business over the next 10 years and beyond, they must look ahead, understand the trends and forces that will shape their business in the future and move swiftly to prepare for what is to come† (Coca-Cola Website).This statement reveals that the corporation is committed to â€Å"detecting changes and making necessary adjustments†¦in strategy that allows their organization to respond more proactively and timely to rapid developments that† inherently affect ultimate success. Pepsi Model Application Much like Coca-Cola, Pepsi’s Mission statement is very clear, concise and purposeful â€Å"Captivate consumers with the world’s most loved and best-tasting convenient foods and beverages through the use of its strengths: Brand Image, Positioning, Innovation, Distribution Capabilities, Productivity Focus, Human Capital and Pur poseful Performance† (Pepsi Annual Report).Pepsi also reiterates that being socially responsible is of utmost importance and â€Å"commitment to do right for the business by doing right for people & the planet† effectively creates a â€Å"catalyst for business growth and innovation, enabling them to be financially successful and globally responsible† (Pepsi Annual Report). As covered in the Letter to Shareholders the CEO, Indra Nooyi, reveals the Internal Analysis of Pepsi Co. to be that of â€Å"strong progress and on a core basis net revenue was up 14% for 2011† (Pepsi Annual Report). This success was due to improvements n the following areas: â€Å"investment in emerging markets, brand management, research and development, differentiation, efficiency and global operating structure to fully leverage the scale of PepsiCo† (Pepsi Annual Report). PepsiCo is most certainly proud of their improvements and strategic focus but also realizes that the crea tion of â€Å"an adaptive team and culture—one that can continually renew itself and thrive on change†¦performing today while transforming for tomorrow† is necessary for success into the future and believes that their â€Å"best days are yet to come† (Pepsi Annual Report).Pepsi experiences similar External Environmental conditions to that of Coca-Cola. Intense competition, globalized marketplace, social responsibility, and economic conditions all affect the strategies that PepsiCo decides to implement. Additionally, Pepsi must allocate its attention to not only the beverage industry but to their global snack line as well; which while designed to be complimentary can prove to have possible negative effects when considering the volatility of each of these industries.The Strategic Analysis and Choice, that Pepsi has selected, much like Coca-Cola can be considered as effective. In order to gain a sustainable competitive advantage Pepsi is â€Å"pursuing specif ic strategic investment and productivity initiatives to build a stronger, more successful company through global brands, innovation, and advertising/marketing campaigns† (Pepsi Annual Report). As mentioned earlier, the following areas are of importance in Pepsi’s strategic analysis/choice: Brand Image, Positioning, Innovation, Distribution Channels, Productivity, Human Capital and Social Responsibility.As the report outlines, Pepsi’s Long-Term Objectives support increasingly globalized operations, global brand recognition, public responsibility, and industry leadership in beverages and snacks. In fact Pepsi was the first to realize the customer shift to healthier lifestyles and responded before Coke â€Å"to changes in the beverage market as consumers shifted from fizzy drinks to healthier alternatives† (Ward pg 3). Furthermore â€Å"Pepsi’s new strategy: Better-For-You Products—comes down to health concerns and being socially responsible wh ere†¦lifestyles have changed†¦and Pepsi has modified its products† (D’Altorio pg 1).Pepsi’s Generic Strategy, like that of Coca-Cola, is that of differentiation. This is why the Cola Wars have been so pervasive and prevalent—they both are striving to make their products superior to those of the competition. Their Grand Strategies can also be identified as concentrated growth, market development, product development, innovation, vertical integration, turnaround, joint ventures, divestiture and strategic alliances.Additionally, Pepsi is becoming more globalized in nature and their Generic and Grand strategies reflect this: â€Å"they are a $66 billion global powerhouse focused upon two complementary businesses with attractive growth margins and returns—global snacks and global beverages† to achieve global nutrition achievements worldwide† (Pepsi Annual Report). Pepsi’s Short Term Objectives are focused upon investment in their global brand management and streamlining distribution methods so as to attain measurable efficiency.In fact last year three brands—Diet Mountain Dew, Brisk and Starbucks ready to drink beverages—had each grown to more than $1 billion in annual retail sales, expanding PepsiCo’s portfolio of billion dollar brands to 22† (Pepsi Annual Report). Their distribution methods remain largely â€Å"unmatched†¦and in 2011 they successfully changed distribution for Gatorade products in the US in the convenience and other channels from a warehouse-delivered-go-to-market system to DSD, in order to more efficiently serve customers† (Pepsi Annual Report).Much like Coca-Cola, Pepsi’s Action Plans are employed globally and specific intentions are revealed in the Annual Report. The difference is however that Pepsi has two industries upon which it has to contend with: beverages AND snacks. Their action plan for 2012 and beyond stresses five imperatives : â€Å"1) build and extend macro-snacks portfolio globally; 2) sustainably and profitably grow its beverage business worldwide; 3) build and expand the nutrition business; 4) increase and capitalize on the high coincidence of snack and beverage consumption; 5) ensure prudent and responsible financial management† (Pepsi Annual Report).Functional Tactics used by Pepsi so as to achieve its short term goals/competitive advantage include marketing strategies and socially responsible business practices that reach a more global audience. Adopting the responsibility of â€Å"Global Nutrition† demonstrates Pepsi’s commitment to a healthier population and have â€Å"developed new strategies with new soft drinks which will catch on to part of the public that is the new health craze† (Dotson pg 2).The development of products such as Gatorade G2, which is low in calorie than the regular sports drinks, and Propel demonstrate that Pepsi in focused upon innovative produ cts that cater to the health conscious customer needs/wants. As revealed by the Annual Report, Policies That Empower Action for Pepsi begins with the â€Å"Power of One concept†¦operating as one company to connect with consumer†¦innovating globally, delighting locally†¦ and performance with purpose† to achieve sustained growth and success.While Pepsi has many difficulties to confront with respect to competition, multiple industries, and internal/external economic stressors; they are continuing to adapt to their environments and reiterate that â€Å"the challenge to renew a successful company is one that they embrace† (Pepsi Annual Report). Pepsi’s Organizational Structure is segmented â€Å"into four business units: 1) PepsiCo America’s Foods; 2) PepsiCo America’s Beverages; 3) PepsiCo Europe; 4) PepsiCo Asia, Middle East, Africa† (Pepsi Annual Report).Pepsi’s structure allows for certain control and efficiencies both n ationally and globally in the beverage and snack industries. In addition Pepsi has standardized the reportable segments of each business so as to allow for appropriate analysis and competitive advantage measurement by region. With respect to Strategic Control and Continuous Improvement, Pepsi’s organizational structure, leadership, and Power of Pepsi campaign reveal that the corporation is committed to remaining a sustainable competitor well into the future.Furthermore, â€Å"as they look ahead they are positioning their company for sustainable growth by building its brands around the globe, bringing innovative products to the marketplace, capitalizing on the coincidence of consumption of snacks and beverages, unleashing the full potential of its global scale and ensuring that PepsiCo continues to be a best place to work† embodies ways in which Strategic Control and Continuous Improvement are going to be accomplished. ANALYSIS & IMPLICATIONS FOR MIDDLE MANAGERSThe stra tegic models that each corporation adopts are similar but produce different levels of success for each organization. Both Coke and Pepsi have adopted aggressive marketing strategies and have struggled amongst one another to develop superior products and attain customer share maximization. Competition, while at times can be frustrating for the organization, in this case has allowed for the creation of better products and increasingly globalized operations resulting in inherent successes for both organizations.The Cola-Wars have been existent for quite a while, but as this point in time it can be said that Coca-Cola is the leader in the beverage industry segment â€Å"Pepsi was knocked into third place behind Coca-Cola and Diet Coke†¦Coca-Cola sold 1. 6 billion cases of regular soda and 927 million cases of diet soda, while Pepsi sold only 892 million cases† (WIKIPEDIA). However, Pepsi is still remaining competitive globally through the realization that there are other ind ustries upon which to capitalize and ensure sustainability into the future.In fact, â€Å"as far as Pepsi is concerned the cola wars are over and needs to focus on convincing investors that it has the right focus in the new health kick† (D’Altorio pg 2). While Pepsi is focusing upon â€Å"Global Nutrition† they still need to realize that â€Å"carbonated beverages still produce much of the company’s sales and are still a key to Pepsi’s financial health† (D’Altorio).Into the future both Coca-Cola and Pepsi will prove to be viable competitors as revealed by their strategies/mission statements contained in their Annual Reports. The real key however, will be whether consumer demand remains in the carbonated beverage industry†¦if the tides somehow change, Pepsi will emerge as the victor due to their diversification strategy†¦one that has crossed channels and decided to create advantages with both beverages and snacks.The Cola War s bring up important implications for middle managers in the form of strategic analysis, implementation, and adaptation. Organizational success depends ultimately upon the ability of the organization to connect with consumers by providing an array of options so as to meet consumer desires, needs and lifestyles and these principles are largely motivated by corporate leadership and direction.Furthermore, the talent of employees must be empowered by management so as to execute goals and objectives effectively. A corporations’ assets —brands, financial prowess, distribution systems, global influence and the talents of employees must be effectively employed so as to become more competitive and to influence accelerated growth in manners that create value for customers, shareholders, and the company itself. CONCLUSIONThe Coca-Cola/Pepsi â€Å"conflict has raged on for decades† and has even been dubbed as the â€Å"Battle of the Century† but has revealed in the p rocess two corporations that have been successful in adopting strategies and processes so as to survive in the constantly changing, volatile business and economic environments representative of the current times. Coca-Cola and Pepsi will continue to face challenges into the future in the realms of economics, technology, and an increasingly globalized business environment.In effect, the corporation that is able to effectively exploit the new social media front of marketing strategy into the future will most likely end up as the frontrunner in most any industry†¦Ã¢â‚¬ Coke and Pepsi are amongst a multitude of companies buying into social media’s ability to strengthen their brands†¦consumers are 55% more likely to recall ads that include social media components than non-social ads†¦consumers today are incredibly empowered and what used to work to get their attention now needs a bit more thoughtfulness† (USA TODAY).This paper: 1) reviewed the strategic issue s presented in the â€Å"Coke Wars† case through the use of the Strategic Management Model as applied to both Coca-Cola & Pepsi; 2) highlighted fundamental strategies & tactics so as to analyze the inherent competition between both corporations; and finally 3) discussed implications of concepts presented in the case for the middle manager so as to grasp lessons learned for future application.Both Coca-Cola and Pepsi are on the right track as far as determining appropriate strategies to thrive in the environments in which they operate but the challenge into the future will be the appropriate analysis and adaptability in which to adequately respond to customer needs, economies of scale, and the dynamic business environment. CASE STUDY MATERIALS/REFERENCES 1) Frontline. Coca-Cola’s union troubles in Columbia; http://www. pbs. org/frontlineworld/fellows/colombia0106/; Retrieved: 3 July 2012. 2) Coca-Cola Annual Report. http://www. thecoca-colacompany. com/investors/annual_ other_reports. html http://www. hecoca-colacompany. com/ourcompany/mission_vision_values. html 3) PepsiCo Annual Report. http://www. pepsico. com/Investors/Annual-Reports. html; Retrieved 4 July 2012. 4) Wikipedia. The Cola Wars; http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Cola_wars; Retrieved 2 July 2012. 5) Terhune, Chad. Coca-Cola trying to renegotiate its syrup contract with bottlers; â€Å"Soda Rebellion: A Suit by Coke Bottlers Exposes Cracks in a Century-Old System; Serving Wal-Mart Is at Issue, But Spat Shines Spotlight On Local Businesses' Role; The Brownes' 84-Year History†; Wall Street Journal (Eastern edition). New York, N. Y. : Mar 13, 2006. p. A. Document URL: http://proquest. umi. com. library3. webster. edu/pqdweb? did=1001778801&sid=2&Fmt=3&clientId=30323&RQT=309&VName=PQD Copyright (c) 2006, Dow Jones & Company Inc. 6) Ward, Andrew. Can Coca-Cola recover? ; â€Å"Last Stand of Coke’s Old Guard Don Keough, 79, Seeks One More Year on the Board†; Financial Tim es; London, England; 19-Apr-2006. 7) Ward, Andrew. Can Coca-Cola recover? ; â€Å"Coke on Upward Path†; Financial Times; London, England; 20-Apr-2006. 8) Pearce, Robinson. Management and Strategy; MNGT 5650; Webster University St Loius, MO; McGraw Hill: Copyright 2012. 9) Dotson, Horace.Pepsi vs Coke: The Battle of a Century; Yahoo; http://voices. yahoo. com. Retrieved: 07 July 2012. 10) Diaz, George. NASCAR Cola Wars Spark Frosty Fireworks at Daytona; http://articlesorlandosentinel. com/2012-07-06/sports/os-george-diaz-daytona-coke-pepsi-0. Retrieved 06 July 2012. 11) Hernandez, Karin. Pepsi vs. Coke: The Cola Wars. http://seekingalpha. com/article/600021-pepsi-vs-coke-the-cola-wars. Retrieved: 06 July 2012. 12) Snider, Mike. Social Media is Latest Front of Cola Wars; USA Today 30 April 2012. http://www. usatoday. com/tech/news/story/2012-04-30/pepsi-coke-social-media/54631902/ Retrieved 12 July 2012.

Big Band Jazz

Across the world there are thousands of languages that we as people use to communicate with one another. Many of these languages have been developed out of others, therefore sharing similar dialects, accents, and in some cases even some words are very similar. Yet of all the languages that are spoken across the world, there is only one that is fluently spoken and understood on every continent, and that is the language of Music.Yet because this language is spoken in so many different parts of the world, in many cases the way it is spoken has a direct relation to when, ND where It Is spoken as well. This country has yielded many different types of music that have In turn, yielded different types of music. For example; from Bluegrass came modern country music, from Soul came RB and Neo-Soul, from Rock and Roll came alternative and punk rock. All of these different types of music are products of their surroundings at conception, but no other than Jazz could yield as dynamic and brilliant of a sound as Big Band Jazz.Following the rise of Dixieland Jazz in the sass was a new style performed by a large ensemble usually consisting of 10 or more players. These bands, called big bands, relied increasingly on saxophones instead of clarinets, and emphasized sectional playing. The overall Instrumentation was broken down Into three groups of instruments: brass which included trumpets and trombones, reed which included saxophones with players sometimes doubling on clarinet, and rhythm section which included the piano, bass, drums, guitar, and in later years, the vibes .Generally big band arrangements followed a standard form; the melody was played by the entire band In unison or harmony then the soloists would Improvise based on the songs elodea, style, and chord progression, and then the melody would be restated, sometimes in a varied or more elaborate way. The music performed by big bands was called swing, a type of music that people could dance to easily. It was performed in a triplet swing rhythm style. This energetic dance music was very popular for almost two decades, with the swing era extending through the mid sass. During this ti me, thousands of big bands played across the united States. They performed written arrangements of popular and Jazz songs, sometimes with a vocalist. Radio broadcasts spread Interest In big band music by bringing it into peoples homes. Ballrooms such as the Savoy and the Roseland in New York were extremely popular venues for hearing the latest big band sounds. Although often times they arent given credit, clarinetist Benny Goodman, trombonist Tommy Dorset, clarinetist and saxophonist Jimmy Dorset, trombonist and arranger Glenn Miller, clarinetist and saxophonist Woody Herman, pianist and composer Duke Elongating, were some of the pioneers of the Big Band sound.Although the emphasis in this style of music is mainly on instrumentalist, vocalist such as Billie Holiday, Ella Fitzgerald, Frank Sinatra, and Being Crosby often sung with many of these bands. Of these pioneers, none are as revered for contributing to the genre as William 1 OFF where he learned and became proficient at playing the piano. He began playing with professionals and ended up on a tour that had to go through Kansas City. It was there that Basis, and the rest of the musicians were stranded, and disbanded.After becoming acclimated to the Kansas City style, and play for with, and at different places and people, he started his own group. Count Basiss group became very popular for their rhythm section which was so tight that the soloist became known for their riffs. A riff is a short melody usually at a break, rest, or pause in the music. They are used to elaborate and fancy up the given melody of the piece. Inflections in the music such as his riffs shaped Basses sounds, and style. Another one of Big Bands pioneers who contributed greatly to the music, and especially to his times was Duke Elongating. Born Edward Kennedy Elongating and then later nicknamed Duke by one of his piano teachers, he like many other musicians darted learning and perfecting their craft at a young age. At the young age of seventeen he had dropped out of High School to completely dedicate himself to his music. After playing with and for people and musicians at different venues, he would eventually put together what seemed to him like the perfect group of players, and they called themselves the Washingtons (after Dukes birthplace; Washington D. C. Contrary to his recent failures at sustaining a sound the people liked with a group, the Washingtons were a hit, and became very popular. They had developed a Tyler all their own that had been labeled by the press as Jungle sound . From there he went on to form his orchestra which would end up playing regularly at the famous Cotton Club in New York City. Throughout his musical career he would compose, arrange, and rearrange literally thousands of works; some for solo instruments, some for bands and orchestras, and some for himself on the piano.He would be known for his style of writing for soloists inside of his groups, knowing their capabilities and strong points. He is also known for being able to adapt to the changing times unlike any of his contemporaries. Some of his most popular works include Dont get around much anymore, and the song that defined the era It dont mean a thing if it anti got that swing. Duke Elongating was the perfect example of how musicians then were Just as popular to the media and society as artists are today.He was kind, polite, and polished, and that added to his incredible musicianship made Duke Elongating one of the greatest and most favored musicians of his and all time. Although the Big Band/Swing era was dominated largely by instrumental Jazz, vocal Jazz would usher in new concepts as well. As early as 1926 the famous Louis Armstrong would drop the lyrics to one of his songs, and try out a new way of singing . This new way was a mixture of creating sounds and syllables and improvisational singing.This style would be called scat. Though Louis Armstrong invented this style, it is usually more closely associated, and didnt become popular until Ella Fitzgerald would begin to use it. Ella seemed to add dazzle to scatting and clearly defined it as a vocal improvisation using phonetic sounds similar to the instrumental sounds of Jazz . Other singers added to the early ideas of scat such as Sara Vaughn who was also key in bringing Jazz, and scat into the American home, with a number of radio and TV programs .Scatting would, like many other forms of jazz, become a favorite amongst musicians audiences, and helped shape Jazz into Through people like Count Basis and his riffs, Duke Elongating and his Jungle music, and Ella Fitzgerald and her scatting was Jazz defined during an era of turbulence in the country on many fronts. The Big Band Swing style was the dialect of language that Americans used to communicate with one another when we couldnt seem to use he English language efficiently.

Volcano Project 1 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Volcano Project 1 - Research Paper Example ritish navigator, was the first person to observe the eruptions of ash coming from the Mount Yasur in the year 1774 which attracted him and helped him discover the Tanna Island. Mount Yasur is believed to be a holy place by the inhabitants who thought that the John Frum and his members have been residing there. John Frum was a person who told the natives that the Americans will bring in wealth if they all agree to follow him. It is also called as the Lighthouse of the Pacific as it has been showing continuous activity for so many years (Decker. 1991). The area around the Mount Yasur is highly deprived of vegetation and it has a crater which is almost circular having a diameter of about 400 meters. The eruptions from it have been continuous for the last eight hundred years. Mount Yasur has shown typical eruptions of the strombolian type which are of low level but are frequently regular & the lava quickly cools down and turns into black color before coming down to the earth. The eruptions are caused by the movement of the Indo-Australian plates towards the east which are then subducted under by the movement of the Pacific Plates towards the west. Mount Yasur is 361 meters or 1,184 feet above the sea level and it is a type of a strato volcano. A strato volcano is the one in which the eruption occur rather periodically and the mount has a cone and its walls are made up of the layers of lava continuously being deposited. As the Mount Yasur erupts periodically for hours, the government has issued certain levels of access which depend u pon the height of the eruptions. The access to the c rater is allowed only in the low level activity and is designated as Level-0.even in Level-1, during the normal activity the access to the crater is permitted. The permission to the summit is closed when severe activity takes place that is Level-3. Also large smoke and ash is erupted and lava bombs are projected to hundreds of meters, and loud explosions can be heard. When the

Socio-economic background communication barriers Essay

Socio-economic background communication barriers - Essay Example For example, in a case involving a wealthy person and an underprivileged person, the wealthy individual may experience a communication variance in associating with the underprivileged person (Sonnenberg, 1990). A deprived economic situation can make a person have a feeling of inferiority and a well off economic condition can cause a feeling of superiority, thus causing a communication disparity between the two people. An individual’s religious status also has an impact on communication. In the justice system, in a number of occasions, an individual may not feel comfortable communicating with a person from a different religious status. This is largely because of the divergence in their belief systems. Religious notions have an impact on the way in which an individual thinks and perceives things and may result in a difference in views. In addition, an individual’s racial makeup may be a cause for communication barrier in the criminal justice system. Employees, victims, or offenders of a different racial position may contain a number of barriers to adequate communications, for example, through their assorted language and cultures. Social situations may comprise physical barriers that may be a cause of communication barrier in the criminal justice system. Physical barriers may entail specified territories into which unknown people cannot have access, or segregated sections for individua ls who hold different statuses (Sonnenberg, 1990). This separation causes a breakdown in communication in the entire criminal justice system. These barriers have an impact on individuals working in the criminal justice system. First, communication barriers may have a negative impact on the capacity of an individual to make a constructive contribution to the custodial and judicial course. What may be presumed to be lack of penitence, contempt for the courtroom regulations, or a lack of concern may at times be clarified by

Decisions with Group Effort Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Decisions with Group Effort - Essay Example This office is overcome by what is characterized as "groupthink" meaning that everyone just goes with the flow and doesn't stand up for their opinions or challenge anyone else. They conform and become almost mechanical in their day to day work. This office as previously stated is using group think which is unhealthy and leads to a lower level of productivity. The term "group think" was coined by Irving Janis who felt that "each member of the group attempts to conform his or her opinions to what they believe to be the consensus of the group" (Wikipedia). These employees are not given clear direction; they are just told to come up with ideas and given a timeframe. They have no inspiration to be creative and tend to lean on others and agree much easier. The CEO of this company is also creating group polarization by exaggerating what is happening in the office and making it seem as if his employees are sitting in their chairs all day not being productive. According to changing minds.org if a person makes a statement like the CEO has, "The problem then is that having taken a position you feel obliged to support it, even if you think it actually is a bit extreme" (Changingminds.org). This CEO needs to recognize he is dealing with a human who has feelings and want to be recognized for their achieve

Persuasive Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Persuasive Letter - Essay Example The society has suffered both social and economic losses given that human health, property, infrastructure as well as various aspects of the economy such as agriculture have been made untenable due to the harsh weather conditions. As of this moment, the WHO in conjunction with several governments continues to report high incidence of heat and cold related diseases. Moreover, developing nations whose citizenry depend on natural resources for income, have found it hard to earn a living. In as much as the advancements brought about by the past and current generations have made our way of life simpler, some of them have caused environmental degradation. This has in turn resulted into climate change. One reality that the current generation should not turn a deaf ear on is the fact that we have our ancestors to thank for subjecting the environment to wise use during their lifetime. As that has enabled us to make something out for ourselves. From where I sit, I presume true the fact that for us to hand over an intact world to the future generations, then we have to adjust our way of life. Moreover, every person within the world should make sacrifices for the adjustments to bring about considerable effect. Some of the sacrifices for example will require that we not only recycle but also reuse some of the local materials such as paper, plastic, cardboard, aluminum among others (Tokar 55). Similarly, we need to reduce the amount of energy that we consume as we spend many n atural resources in producing the energy, and too much production will exhaust the natural resources. In order to reduce the consequences of climate change, we will need to employ the use of ecofriendly cleaning products, and not those that lead to emission of poisonous materials that lead to the erosion of the ozone layer. At the same time, we should change our eating habits and prepare

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 102

Essay Example as some concerns; â€Å"If a wife fears cruelty or desertion on her husbands part, there is no blame on them if they arrange an amicable settlement between themselves† (Quran: Surah 4 Verse 128 cited in Farag). In addition to guiding the husband and the wife, Allah has also guided on how reconciliation between the two has to be approached with the help of their relatives in these words, â€Å"If ye fear a breach between them twain, appoint (two) arbiters, one from his family, and the other from hers; if they wish for peace, God will cause their reconciliation: For God hath full knowledge, and is acquainted with all things† (Quran: Surah 4 Verse 35 cited in Farag). Divorce becomes inevitable after all reconciliatory attempts have turned out futile. Islamic law as depicted by Quran is practical and considerate rather than unrealistic. The ultimate purpose of marriage is peace and happiness. Marriage provides people with a way to live the life happily and to set the foundations of a new family. If a couple is unable to achieve that together irrespective of their best efforts, then divorce is allowed. Islam emphasizes a lot on the concept of modesty and decency for both men and women. The dress code makes a fundamental part of this. Allah has discussed the matter of hijab for men in Quran in these words, â€Å"Say to the believing men that: they should cast down their glances and guard their private parts (by being chaste). This is better for them† (Quran: Chapter 24, Verse 30 cited in â€Å"The Qur’an and†). At another place in the Quran, Allah has described how women should dress to maintain the Hijab in these words, â€Å"O Prophet! Say to your wives, your daughters, and the women of the believers that: they should let down upon themselves their jalabib† (Quran: Chapter 33, Verse 59 cited in â€Å"The Qur’an and†). Hijab is of immense importance for both men and women since it helps them protect their modesty and respect. In the present age, when women have also

Film Analysis - Spirited Away - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Film Analysis - Spirited Away - - Essay Example As she wanders along, she meets another boy, Haku, who claims to have known her since she was little. This is where the real adventure begins as she plots a way to enter the bathhouse and get some job to do. Haku organizes the entire plan, and in the end, Chihiro gets a job in the bathhouse. There are rules to follow in the spirit world, and Yubaba is the witch who oversees all activities in the bathhouse. The unfolding nature of the above events to the point where Chihiro rescues her parents is in a direct relation to the ideas expressed in the short story, â€Å"The Ways We Lie.† This paper analyzes three main elements in the story, and they include; characters, motifs and themes, and the setting in relation to ideas in â€Å"The Ways We Lie.† The Film’s Setting The producers behind Spirited Away paid more attention to the consistency in the film’s setting. Generally, this film has a social setting, even though there are also elements of geographical set tings, as well. The social setting, in this case, focuses on how producers present the characters, and the consistency with which they do this work. For instance, there is a clear depiction of class difference in the spirit world. ... However, she understands the rules in maintaining her job at the bathhouse. In this regard, the ideas expressed in â€Å"The Ways We Lie† do not apply to her case. She does not see the sense in assuming a character she is not for the sake of her good. The environment in which she works is also simpler than the entire bathhouse. Despite the lushness of the bathhouse, she has the mandate to clean the big tub lying alone in an empty room. In this room, she transforms an ungainly, huge, polluted spirit into the idea of simplicity. Furthermore, even all her meals are shear expression of simplicity in her character. For these reasons, the entire setting of this film focuses on social aspects of the plot and characters therein. Themes and Motifs This film depicts blurred distinction between good and evil as its primary theme.In this film, almost all characters are a mix of both evil and good deeds. Even the admirable characters, such as No-Face and Haku, have some amount of evil qual ities. Similarly, some characters who seem bad and undesirable at the beginning of the film such as Kamaji, Zeniba and Lin, all becomes somehow useful in Chihiro’s escape.This is a clear indication of the fact that people have to possess different characteristics depending on the situation. The above idea is completely in line with the claims in the story, â€Å"The Ways We Lie.† In this story, Ericsson states that the truth would sometimes cause more damage than a simple harmless untruth (Ericsson 1). This is what he calls the white lie, and it is necessary for survival in the society. The above form of deceit comes with no regrets, and the individual does so due to circumstances. Blurred line

Dangers and response Essay Example for Free

Dangers and response Essay This sense of differing power in differing scales is reinforced when Rosenberg identifies himself with the wasps situation, sensing his own vulnerabilities as he lives in an alien and gigantic universe. The poetical voice may have absolute power over the wasps; but the poet is only a small part of a gigantic reality; something inherently vulnerable to danger. The poet belays to a reality which he is just as alien to as the wasp is to the mailbox; and the poet , too, has his fragile cradle on the edge of danger. The poet might feel to be the master of his domain- but, as earlier discussed, it is a weakened domain and it is a place where the poet is very vulnerable. The metaphor has this idea of danger inherent as the home is on the edge- almost as If it is on the brink of collapse over a recipe into an unknown abyss of danger. The use of setting and scale creates the message for the reader that mastery of a domicile does not translate into invulnerability. Within this pessimism, however, there is a strand of optimism, almost urging the reader to recognise this reality but to accept it and live within it. The idea that the wasps were not stopped by the sore displeasure of the US Mail is an example. The sore displeasure could both be from the aggravation of the wasps, or, indeed, from the soreness of being stung. There is a sense that the wasps ay know that they are overmatched; indeed, that they can only cause displeasure which seems to suggest only an aggravation is testament to this. Uet the wasps continue; they may understand their vulnerability but they do not surrender. There is from this image a recognition of humanitys situation; that whilst mankind, too, may be fundamentally vulnerable, there is still the basic stubbornness to continue. This strand of hope continues throughout the poem. The wasps may know their vulnerabilities; yet still they are savagely a-hum. The onomatopoeic quality of a-hum gives almost an indifference to this metaphor; the wasps may be overmatched, but they continue their existence. Their strength within their nest is highlighted through the adverb savagely tends to describe powerful violence, which is often equated with strength. The wasps recognise their weakness but continue; they do not bother to attend to the danger that they are in. The sense of indifference and nonchalance of this image that seems more to mortal danger is the final recognition of this hope. Recognise the vulnerabilities, but continue; and the poet identifies within the wasps a human response to the danger. Understand the danger, but do not let it define a life. By the end, the poet has recognised this connection between the reality of the wasps and humans that extends beyond our inherent weaknesses. Thus, The Wasps Nest is a poem that explores the conflict between strength and weakness using the realities, dangers and response of wasps as a microcosm for the human world. It is a poem of contrast and illusion, where apparent strength becomes weakness. But is it also a very human poem. It studies the mirage of strength that we portray around ourselves and sees within this image the fragilities of man. It is a poem of our lives and reality within Rosenbergs words. It is a poem of the human condition that illuminates ourselves and with which Rosenberg shows a profound truth of our existence.

My Career Goal Essay Example for Free

My Career Goal Essay I always ask myself a question of what I want to be and what goals I am going to achieve four years later. Four years later, it is hoped that I can get the most out of my education, becoming more independent and mature. Four years later, it is hoped that I can be a journalist who contribute as much value as I can to my city. My first career goal is to be a journalist who writes for newspaper. A journalist who sees and tells the truth with honesty. Reporting the news completely. Presenting all sides of viewpoints unbiasedly. Seeking more sources when writing a news so as to be sure of multiple sides are presented. Secondly, helping the public society but the government will become one of my main concern. It is hoped that I can be independent from the government. Keeping a watchful eye on the government and making representation to the government about the unjust policy or measure. Therefore, I can supervise the government as to be sure that they do their work properly. Moreover, bridge the gap between society and real life is also my concern. Passionate on providing the information of the causes of the accident so as to raise the public awareness of the things going on the social issues. Finally, sincerely hope that I can hold on the mission which inspired by principle of freedom, of information, of expression in my career life with all attempt, determination and faith in justice. I always ask myself a question of what I want to be and what goals I am going to achieve four years later. Four years later, it is hoped that I can get the most out of my education, becoming more independent and mature. Four years later, it is hoped that I can be a journalist who contribute as much value as I can to my city. My first career goal is to be a journalist who writes for newspaper. A journalist who sees and tells the truth with honesty. Reporting the news  completely. Presenting all sides of viewpoints unbiasedly. Seeking more sources when writing a news so as to be sure of multiple sides are presented. Secondly, helping the public society but the government will become one of my main concern. It is hoped that I can be independent from the government. Keeping a watchful eye on the government and making representation to the government about the unjust policy or measure. Therefore, I can supervise the government as to be sure that they do their work properly. Moreover, bridge the gap between society and real life is also my concern. Passionate on providing the information of the causes of the accident so as to raise the public awareness of the things going on the social issues. Finally, sincerely hope that I can hold on the mission which inspired by principle of freedom, of information, of expression in my career life with all attempt, determination and faith in justice.

Trade Unions And Disputes Management Essay

Trade Unions And Disputes Management Essay Trade unions can be defined as, Organization whose membership consists of workers and union leaders, and whose principal purposes are to negotiate wages and terms of working condition, regulate relations between employees and the employer, take collective action to enforce the terms of collective bargaining, raise demands on behalf of its members, and help settle their problems (Business Directory, 2009). Trade unions are generally classified as, company union that represents interests of only one firm and may not have any relation with the trade union movement; industrial union represents workers of several firms from the same industry; and craft union represents skilled workers in a particular field such as carpentry or welding (Business Dictionary, 2009). A working definition of Trade Unions was provided by Sydney and Beatrice Webb (History of Trade Unions, 1920) as a continuous association of wage earners for the purpose of maintaining or improving the conditions of their employment. In the view of the above, it can be stated that Trade unions help the employees by negotiating for better income and better conditions at workplace for them which is known as collective bargaining. The ACAS Code of Practice No2 Disclosure of Information to trade unions, which is based on collective bargaining, provides recommendation on good exercise (Employee Communications and Consultations, ACAS, 2005). They provide information and guidance to its members if they undergo a problem regarding the workplace. A set-up of health and safety representatives is also provided at the workplace by the trade union for both employers and employees. Trade unions are interested in promoting equal opportunities at work and providing consultation and support to their members on the legislation. They run campaigns to protect the rights of the employees and improve their quality of working lives. There are numerous other services which trade unions provides to its member apart from the ones stated a bove are education and training for a better future and security, financial aid and discounts, and welfare benefits (TUC, 2009). It has been witnessed in the past that there is a rise in the ratio of number of employers wanting to work with trade unions. TUC today published a report stating that both employers and employees benefit from partnership. Thus a well-built judgement will be analysed in details further which will highlight the fact that management likes to deal with their employees through unions rather than dealing with them on individual basis. Analysis of the Statement The employment law system at present is rooted with the roles that the trade unions perform with numerous actions. Advice is given in terms of redundancy, where in, employers need to involve the union in decision-making. The union tries to negotiate pay and conditions terms of employees with the employers and if situation goes out of hand they provide full support to its members in industrial action (Employment Law, 2009). Trade unions provide help to people at work undergoing problems like job loss, grievance, legal procedures and action. Trade unions provide consultation services to its members and employees have now begun to recognise trade unions as employers promote unionism. It has been seen from a TUC report that almost 32% of workplaces recruit people who recognise Trade Unions (TUC, 2009). In United Kingdom, a large number of industrial sectors and various types of jobs in different sectors which provides the workers support with multiple skills and job description are represented by the unions. UNITE, UNICENT, UK Steel Union are some examples of such unions. Thus the role played by trade union has become well recognized within the employment law system with the presence of a number of policies that leads into consultation with unions regarding issues faced by the management (Employment Law, 2009). It has also been noticed that places which recognise unions have better workplace environment and conditions then places which are non- unionised. There are health and safety representatives provided by the Union, who help the management to avoid losses from problems like sick leave, lost work and claim for compensation. Unions provide guidance and help to employers to help reduce the level of stress at work. Trade unions, treats its members as equals and protects the rights of people subjected to discrimination. Trade Union provides training sessions for promoting learning to its members. Training helps the workers involved in low- paid and less skilled jobs, as it helps in improving the skills of the labour force. Recently, trade unions have started providing more services to its members. These services attract more members as it satisfies their needs. Services like accident and sickness insurance cover, legal advice on personal issues, financial services and discounts, education a nd training (TUC, 2009). Effective communication and consultation should be provided by an organisation for which it has to be structured in an orderly way. Senior managers should take the initiative to draw up such policies and keep in mind to involve the employees. The places where Trade Unions are recognised, the employers must get their conformity before the policy is introduced. To enable members to participate fully in union affairs the Unions help the shop stewards and other officials get time off to maintain healthy relations with the employees as well as with the employers. The employers should be familiar with their duties and provide proper facilities. Trade unions further the interest of the workers in many ways, for instance by campaigning, lobbying governments (Employee Communications and Consultations, ACAS, 2005). Trade unions have recently started promoting a new concept which is known as learning at workplace. The Union Learning Representatives (ULR) are a group of union advocates who are trained in providing consultation to its members on learning needs and opportunities (GMB @ Work, 2009). The main aim of the ULRs is to encourage its members to improve their skills, improve the standards of training and development at workplace by counselling, identify the needs of its members, unions and the local authorities on issues related to learning and further discuss it with the employers for consideration to implement it. The ULRs have received recognition, as per the Employment Act 2002, according to which they have the legal right to get paid time off to perform their roles in a proper manner (Prospect: Union for Professionals, November 2009 and Union Learn: Functions and Rights. Sec 3). A rise in employer dealing with trade unions and not individual employees directly has been witnessed. There is a strong business case which will be analysed in more details. A TUC today report shows that companies which recognise Trade Unions perform better than other companies. TUC General Secretary, John Monks said This is the most authoritative research so far that shows that unions can be a boon to business. Partnership makes managers take their workforce with them. This is no burden on business but a secret to success. The above report states that the TUC had made an announcement that it would open an institute of Partnership. The trade union focussed on partnership, adding value to the union by union membership (in organisations like Unionlearn) and employment law. Unionlearn provides generic services, which can be used by individual unions for their training and learning (Unionlearn, 2009) The Workplace Employee Relations Survey shows that companies that recognise unions and high commitment personnel practices have a better financial performance and productivity than other companies in the same sector (PR Newswire, April 2000). There are other surveys which also conclude that the employers attitude towards unions have become less hostile (Poole et al., 2005). The goal of any organisation is to reap benefits. Employers work hand in hand with Trade Unions to gain profits, by establishing a working Partnership with them. The Employers benefit in a number of ways, when they establish partnership with Trade Unions. Dealing with the employees through Trade Unions is gainful as they are saved from going to the Tribunals with their claims. When Trade Unions are associated with the workforce, it leads to employee satisfaction. As they help their members by negotiating over Pay and other conditions with the management. Thus, in turn is beneficial for both employers and the employees. Trade Unions convey to the workers the agreed terms. The employers do not get involved which in turn, saves their time and they can concentrate on making more strategic decisions. Here, there would be no employer- employee conflict. The employers do not have to deal with large number of employees directly. Therefore, no individual negotiations would be required. The union health representatives work along with the employers to reduce stress at work. No industrial action would be taken by the union. All the trivial issues can be dealt directly by the union (Gennard and Judge, 2005). In 1998, the TUCs Organizing Academy was opened to train officers in the field of recruitment and organizing techniques and to assign them to priority recruitment campaigns recognized jointly by the TUC and member-unions. If the TUC is to maintain a plausible position as a respected representative of labour force, it is believed, it ought to invalidate the two-decade decline in union membership; and this, in turn, will require a reorientation of union activity towards new categories of worker in new sectors of employment (Heery, 1998). From the above report it can be stated that TUC trained employees and developed skilled workers, which in turn would help the employers to achieve the organizational goal. There are some negative impacts of trade unions as well. The employers cannot give performance related pay and cant remove the low skilled worker, if he is a member of the union as this would lead to strikes and disputes, which in turn would hamper the production. Sometimes the unions demand more than expected, which is again a problem for the employer. This is the ERA of change and globalization, during this period the employers would want to build good relations with the employees as they are their key resource, to achieve the organizational goals. So the employers must deal with the Trade Unions, as the changes can be made without any repercussions. Initiatives that directly involved employees and (significantly) sought to promote higher performance were tending to replace or supplement indirect means of communication like joint consultation. Gradually this process of two-way communication became known as employee voice. It appeals both to that seeking greater business efficiency and to those looking for employee rights (CIPD, 2009). As cited above it can be clearly stated that joint consultation included the managers and employee representatives, which included the trade union representative. Agreeing a constitution earlier helped in avoiding conflicts and misunderstandings and thus paved a way for positive business. I would end the debate by stating that there is a positive business case for employers dealing with their work force through unions. Partnership at work can help bring higher productivity, enhanced performance and flourishing changes to the organization. Whether it is a change in administration or adapting new techniques, dealing with workforce through trade unions has a positive impact in achieving organizational goals. There would be growth in industrial relations as communication and consultation becomes easier. For the employees, more opportunities would be provided for training and development which in turn leads to greater job security and all this leads to sustainability.

Tool Of The Trade :: essays research papers

Tool of the Trade In any game, the equipment players use determines the way the game unfolds. Try to imagine a soccer game played with an American football! Or try playing tennis with the wooden racquets of thirty years ago. Change the equipment, and you discover a very different game. As part of my look at baseball, I decided to examine the tool of the baseball trade: Bats. Perhaps the most crucial and visible tool in baseball is the bat. A bat is the offensive weapon, the tool with which runs are scored. To understand the history and science of bats, I read a magazine published by Louisville Slugger, in Louisville, Kentucky home of the Hillerich & Bradsby Company, Inc. (also known as H&B), the manufacturers of perhaps America's most famous bat, the Louisville Slugger. Through the reading I learned how the modern bat came to be, and what it might become. In 1884, John Andrew "Bud" Hillerich played hooky from his father's woodworking shop and went to a baseball game. There he watched a star player, Pete "The Old Gladiator" Browning, struggling in a batting slump. After the game, Hillerich invited Browning back to the shop, where they picked out a piece of white ash, and Hillerich began making a bat. They worked late into the night, with Browning giving advice and taking practice swings from time to time. What happened next is legend. The next day, Browning went three-for-three, and soon the new bat was in demand across the league. H&B flourished from there. First called the Falls City Slugger, the new bat was called the Louisville Slugger by 1894. Though Hillerich's father thought bats were an insignificant item, and preferred to continue making more dependable items like bedposts and bowling pins, bats became a rapidly growing part of the family business. Just as it was back then, the classic Louisville Slugger bat used by today's professional players is made from white ash. The wood is specially selected from forests in Pennsylvania and New York. The trees they use must be at least fifty years old before they are harvested. After harvest, the wood is dried for six to eight months to a precise moisture level. The best quality wood is selected for pro bats; the other 90 percent is used for consumer market bats. White ash is used for its combination of hardness, strength, weight, "feel," and durability. In past years, H&B have made some bats out of hickory.

The Effects of Poverty on the People of Yemen Essay -- American Histor

The United States Military Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa (HOA) is a geographical region that encompasses the countries of Djibouti, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya, and neighboring Yemen. Each country in the region houses many culturally unique distinctions to include groups, which comprise the HOA area of operation. Specifically one of these culturally unique groups originates out of Yemen. The country of Yemen, according to a 2004 census, has reached almost 20 million people (UNDP, 2010). Over 45% of the population lives on less than $2.00 U.S. a day (UNDP, 2010). The poverty-stricken people in Yemen have shaped a cultural group that in essence contains the majority of the Country’s population. The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the current Yemen culture shaped by the effects of poverty on the people of Yemen. These effects span a wide array of problematic issues predicated on three major topics. The effects of poverty on the people of Yemen include severe health problems spanning a majority of the region, the decay of the Country’s political infrastructure, and the growing support of terrorist organizations in the region. The dilemmas in Yemen did not solely originate internally. Yemen is host to some 91,587 (as of 2007) refugees from Somalia (CIA, 2011). The wake of events perpetuated by the effects of poverty on the people of Yemen, left unchecked, will continue to erode with significant and lasting negative effects on the entire HOA Area of Responsibility (AOR) to include local, regional, and U.S. interests. Yemen has historically has been plagued with severe health problems spanning a majority of the region. The inhabitants of the region are dependent on the Country’s ... ...on, the decay of the Country’s political infrastructure, and the growing support of terrorist organizations in the region, are all systematic results of the effects of poverty. In conclusion Yemen must combat its health problem with both preemptive and reactive measures. Yemen must find common ground amongst its various political factions and unify politically to develop a truly governing nation. Yemen must also irradiate all terrorist factions in the region in order to prevent future recruitment into terrorist organizations. These measures are necessary to ensure that the effects of poverty on the people of Yemen are mitigated and minimal. This can only be achieved through the continuation of outside financial, medical, and political assistance from its neighboring countries in the region as well as the support of counter-terrorist organizations worldwide. The Effects of Poverty on the People of Yemen Essay -- American Histor The United States Military Combined Joint Task Force – Horn of Africa (HOA) is a geographical region that encompasses the countries of Djibouti, Sudan, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Somalia, Kenya, and neighboring Yemen. Each country in the region houses many culturally unique distinctions to include groups, which comprise the HOA area of operation. Specifically one of these culturally unique groups originates out of Yemen. The country of Yemen, according to a 2004 census, has reached almost 20 million people (UNDP, 2010). Over 45% of the population lives on less than $2.00 U.S. a day (UNDP, 2010). The poverty-stricken people in Yemen have shaped a cultural group that in essence contains the majority of the Country’s population. The purpose of this thesis is to illustrate the current Yemen culture shaped by the effects of poverty on the people of Yemen. These effects span a wide array of problematic issues predicated on three major topics. The effects of poverty on the people of Yemen include severe health problems spanning a majority of the region, the decay of the Country’s political infrastructure, and the growing support of terrorist organizations in the region. The dilemmas in Yemen did not solely originate internally. Yemen is host to some 91,587 (as of 2007) refugees from Somalia (CIA, 2011). The wake of events perpetuated by the effects of poverty on the people of Yemen, left unchecked, will continue to erode with significant and lasting negative effects on the entire HOA Area of Responsibility (AOR) to include local, regional, and U.S. interests. Yemen has historically has been plagued with severe health problems spanning a majority of the region. The inhabitants of the region are dependent on the Country’s ... ...on, the decay of the Country’s political infrastructure, and the growing support of terrorist organizations in the region, are all systematic results of the effects of poverty. In conclusion Yemen must combat its health problem with both preemptive and reactive measures. Yemen must find common ground amongst its various political factions and unify politically to develop a truly governing nation. Yemen must also irradiate all terrorist factions in the region in order to prevent future recruitment into terrorist organizations. These measures are necessary to ensure that the effects of poverty on the people of Yemen are mitigated and minimal. This can only be achieved through the continuation of outside financial, medical, and political assistance from its neighboring countries in the region as well as the support of counter-terrorist organizations worldwide.

Crime on the Internet Essay -- Internet Crime Essays

Overview If cyberspace is a type of community, a giant neighborhood made up of networked computer users around the world, then it seems natural that many elements of a traditional society can be found taking shape as bits and bytes. With electronic commerce comes electronic merchants, plugged-in educators provide networked education, and doctors meet with patients in offices on-line. It should come as no surprise that there are also cybercriminals committing cybercrimes. As an unregulated hodgepodge of corporations, individuals, governments, educational institutions, and other organizations that have agreed in principle to use a standard set of communication protocols, the Internet is wide open to exploitation. There are no sheriffs on the Information Superhighway waiting to zap potential offenders with a radar gun or search for weapons if someone looks suspicious. By almost all accounts, this lack of "law enforcement" leaves net users to regulate each other according to the reigning norms of the moment. Community standards in cyberspace appear to be vastly different from the standards found at the corner of Main Street and Elm in Any City, USA. Unfortunately, cyberspace is also a virtual tourist trap where faceless, nameless con artists can work the crowds. Mimicking real life, crimes and criminals come in all varieties on the Internet. The FBI's National Computer Crime Squad is dedicated to detecting and preventing all types of computer-related crimes. Some issues being carefully studied by everyone from Net veterans and law enforcement agencies to radical pundits include: Computer network break-ins Industrial espionage Software piracy Child pornography E-mail bombings Password sniffers Spoofing Credit card fraud Computer network break-ins Using software tools installed on a computer in a remote location, hackers can break into computer systems to steal data, plant viruses or trojan horses, or work mischief of a less serious sort by changing user names or passwords. Network intrusions have been made illegal by the U.S. federal government, but detection and enforcement are difficult. Limitations with the law as it is currently written can be seen upon examining Kevin Mitnick's recent plea bargain, wherein there is little connection between his final plea and the crimes he allegedly committed. Industr... ...ancisco Examiner; July 2, 1995 Hacker Held Without Bail; Reuter; February 17, 1995 Hacker Reaches Plea Bargain (paraphrased: no title given); Reuter; July 1, 1995 Most Wanted Computer Hacker Gets Court Date; Reuter; February 16, 1995 Miscellaneous Documents Abelson, Hal & Mike Fischer; Listiing of Materials and Reading for Course 6.805/STS085 at MIT Greenspun, Philip; David LaMacchia Defense Fund Hacker Dictionary http://gnn.com/; Shimomura vs. Mitnick: The Computer Crime of the Year?; (possibly written by O'Reilly) Loundy, Dave; Encode, Delete, Download-You're Busted; Chicago Daily Law Bulletin; August 10, 1995 Miller, Adam S.; The Jake Baker Scandal; Trincoll Journal Perry, Kenneth M., Esq. and P-Law, Inc.; Current Regulatory Environment pjswan@engin.umich.edu; What's the Big Deal over Jake Baker Reid, Brian, PhD.; Pornography on the 'Net Siino, Rosanne M.; Official Netscape Response to French Hacker Sterling, Bruce; The Hacker Crackdown: Law and Disorder on the Electronic Frontier Wall Street Journal; AOL Plagued by Hackers; September 8, 1995 Wallich, Paul; Wire Pirates; Scientific American; March 1994

A Comprehensive Feasibility Study For The Establishment Of Paintwork T-shirt Printing House

A COMPREHENSIVE FEASIBILITY STUDY FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF PAINTWORK T-SHIRT PRINTING HOUSE Introduction Nowadays, printed shirt are almost seen everywhere: school uniforms with the school logos printed on it, advertisements printed on shirts, title of an event, different cartoon characters, quotable phrases and lot more things printed on shirts. There are many processes of transferring a design to a shirt. Computer printed designs, screen printing process, heat transferred images, and painting the shirt itself.In these modern days, things are done in faster ways; that is why computers play varieties of role. Computer printed designs are among the most common in the market today. One can have his own picture printed in a shirt in just an hour or he can even personalize a design that he likes to be printed in his shirt. A design can also be transferred in number of shirts in a clothing company. This computer printed shirt is the focus of this feasibility study. We come up with this pr oduct to compete in the demand of modern days’ consumers.In addition to computer printed shirts, we also come up with the idea having painted designs as an art design exclusive for each company. Images add art to the printed shirts. It livens up the clothing and gives more attraction to those who see it. Universities have their university shirts or organizational shirts, which is sometimes used by the students as their uniforms. Our business is targeting this opportunity for us to give them a uniquely designed t-shirts that will surely be appreciated by the students and other group of people.In addition to this, we also aim to create our exceptional own painted design for some organizations who conduct events and some small companies in the country. The Concept PAINTWORK conceptualized a production enterprise that will be the producer of painted designed and computer printed shirts in some other schools in the country particularly in Polytechnic University of the Philippines (the four owners’ alma mater). We plan to create the products not for retail purposes but as a wholesale supply catering to the needs of the targeted market for their painted shirt uniforms, section shirts, organization shirts, batch hirts and other customized shirts. Nowadays, computer printed shirt designs are common in the market, so as the screen-printed designed shirts. Computer printed designs though are more modern and has more quality with designs. It being an easy process to transfer a design to shirts with exclusive painted design for each company is our unique selling proposition. Our business oriented and hip designs are popular especially with the teenagers, students and the young.We come up with this product believing that we can supply the needs of consumers to have more modernized and likeable designs in its best outcome. Although we are new in this kind of business, we still can promise the best outcome and produce very good quality painted designed computer printed shirts that can be used in events, organizational uniforms, school uniforms and other more occasions. The price will be based on the cost used to create the product. Our painted shirts will surely compete in the market in terms of pricing but we are confident that ours is a product that is worth to be paid for.Objectives As stated in the concept for its creation, PAINTWORK will paint designed shirts that will be used for uniform purposes in school organizations, small companies, events, and some institutions. PAINTWORK is comparable in the market in terms of pricing but the process of production and high quality end product differs. The designs are personally made and manually transferred to the shirt resulting to excellent classy products that will satisfy the consumers.The objective of our company is to be more competitive in the market and to be the leading manufacturer and supplier of paint designed computer printed shirts in the Philippines. * Short Term Objectives * To build a good rapport with the consumers and to the people. * To maintain a good working relationship with all our employees and also to the suppliers. * To be the favoured company of the leading universities and some companies to supply them our shirts with hand painted designs. * Long Term Objectives * Our company’s objective is to be the leading supplier of the printed hirts for the next 5 years in Polytechnic University of the Philippines to be used on the General Assembly of the students of Institute of Accounts, Business and Finance, and also for some universities in the country. * Our business will endeavour to be an excellent company here in the Philippines that will be loved by the Filipinos and eventually we can export our products to other countries. Company Logo Organizational Chart ZAILEEN A. CULATA Sales Supervisor AVEGAIL C. LUCERO Office Supervisor PAULINE AGNES VELASCO Production Supervisor TITO M.PINEDA III General Manager Production workers Assistant PAINTW ORK will be having four main heads for its organizational chart. Every partner will be assigned to each department to assure the harmony and proper management of the entity. The four partners are distributed in four main positions in the company such as general manager, production supervisor, sales supervisor and office supervisor. The establishment will hire three sociable and customer-oriented crews. Two crews will be assigned in printing and editing the t-shirt design; one crew will assist them.Neither of the pioneers will supervise the over-all development of the business. Manpower Requirement 1. Job Title: General Manager * Responsible for the whole organization and the business operation. He is also responsible to the following functions: * Must see to it in carrying out or handling the day-to-day operations of the business. * Must plan out various developments for maximum profitability of the business. * Must render wise decisions for the changes and improvement s of the busi ness operation. * Must assure to every customer that they can produce quality products they needed. 2.Job Title: Production Supervisor * She is responsible for supervising the production workers in the whole process of production and maintenance of the area. She also approves or edits the original design from the business or personalized design from the customers. 3. Job Title: Sales Supervisor * Sales supervisor is responsible for marketing and delivery of the product. She is in charge in dealing with the customers. 4. Job Title: Office Supervisor * She is responsible for supervising the office works. She manages the accountant and the clerk in the office. 5. Job Title: Production Workers They are the ones responsible for transferring the designs to the computer, printing the shirt, drying and packaging of the products. They deal with the whole process of producing the best paint designed computer printed shirts. 6. Job Title: Assistant * Serves as a clerk that assists in all the o ffice works. Services Offered Paintwork will offer services on customized, personalized t-shirt printing and editing design. Products will be made in its highest quality, perfect for corporate gifts, batch shirt, uniforms, give away, couple shirt, university shirts and more.Our aim is to delivering quality garments made to your design and specifications at a competitive price by using the latest printing techniques for any occasion. If you’re in the market for an individually stylized piece of apparel, we’ve got everything you’re ever likely to need! T -shirt printing designs is what we’re all about and regardless of whether you have an idea of your own in mind, or you fancy one of our best sellers, the garments we will supply you with will be of a superior quality. We pride ourselves on the reliability of service we will offer. Actual PlanPAINTWORK will be built outside the Polytechnic University of the Philippines, specifically in Newton’s Plaza, Sta. Mesa, Manila. Initially, the three sociable and customer-oriented crews will handle the production of customized, personalized t-shirts and designs. Rest assured that the ambiance of the establishment is excellent to make customers feel comfortable. Floor Plan Future Plans After six months of operation, PAINTWORK will launch its latest additional product offers such as personalized banners and tarpaulins. After a year, a branch is planned to build but the location is not yet final.These measures are intended to provide the same quality and affordable customized, personalized printing of shirts and advertisement designs to students, companies and others. Facilities The business should have the following facilities to be able to operate: 1. Office * Having an office is necessary to accommodate customers and to serve as an area for people to work. 2. Printing Room * The business needs its own printing room to meet the standard of the consumers in printing t-shirts. The room has m achines for printing and other equipment in need to do the products. 3.Sewing Room * It is where the products are being sewed to add design with the t-shirts. Production Process 1. Creating the Design. This is the first step in producing the painted shirt. The design must first be done and drafted for the next step to continue. In this step, the consumers must agree with the design being suggested or pass his personal design. The colors to be used must also be enumerated. 2. Transferring the Design to the Computer. 3. Printing the Shirt Design. This is the main step of this process; this is where the design is being transferred on the shirt. . Drying Drying is very important in this process because once the painted design is not dry, it might be ruined and the shirt will not be used at all. The painted shirt is dried through blowers for quicker drying. 5. Checking of Shirt This step is done to ensure that all the painted shirts will turn out as expected, excellent and with a classy result. 6. Packaging This is the last step of the production process where in the finished painted shirts are placed in a cloth bag as it packaging. After this, the painted shirts can be delivered. Production The process of production was practiced very well and perfected to have a product with a high standard and quality that will be best suited for its consumers. * All employees / workers are trained proficiently and must be very knowledgeable on how the process of production goes as well as the proper use of facilities and equipment. * Materials come from reliable sources with their own safety measures to have a quality and trusted product. * The business also sees to it that there are enough materials so as not to delay the production process.Packaging PAINTWORK Designed shirts are packed in cloth bags. These are better than the usual packaging that comes in plastic sack. Quality Control Our business ensures the quality and unique prints of the shirts to meet the customerâ€℠¢s satisfaction. In order to prove the business’ claim that it is 100% worth to be paid for, we set our guidelines and policies for the workers to follow in the production of our product. Investments The owners made the following investments to meet the goals of the business: EquipmentP35,000 OfficeP 45,000 Initial OperationsP25,000TOTAL COSTP 105,000 The equipment include the sewing machines and the printing machines while the office includes the facilities like tables and chairs in the main office, printing room and sewing room. Profitability Analysis The simplest way of approximating profitability is to assume the expected payment of the consumers and subtract from it the expected expenses. The t-shirt costs P160. 00 – P300. 00. In example, a customer ordered 50 shirts and the quality of its design costs, let’s say, P200. 00 each. 50 shirts X P200. 00 = P10, 000. 00For instance that the cost of expenses on each shirt is P120. 00, the business will earn a prof it of P80. 00 for each shirt, with the total of P4, 000. 00, that is for 50 shirts. The profit of the company depends on the number of shirts a customer will ask. Thus, this computation is in approximation and still subjected for any changes if such is to be proven needed. Operational Expenses As for the computation, operational expenses are estimated to be around P120. 00 per shirt. For instance, there are 50 shirts to be printed (P120. 00 x 50), a total of P6000. 0 is the operational expense incurred. This amount should therefore be watched to monitor the operational expenses of the company. The general manager in this sense should consider allocating the remaining retained earnings as an allowance for PAINTWORK. Break-Even Point Analysis PAINTWORK initially invested P105, 000. 00 which is recoverable immediately after an approximately 5 months of successful regular operations. The management placed the shirts at a price range which is cost effective and considering wholesaler as our major target market.The average price of a t-shirt is P160. 00, more affordable than expected though it has many benefits and price will be stable and not to become a big deal at all. Performance and Appraisal Program The company will conduct an evaluation on the employees in which the supervisor evaluates their performance; the result of the evaluation will be given to the employees indicating the level of their performance areas of improvement. This evaluate will be the basis for the increase of their salary and promotion for employees.The following factors that the company will consider: 1. A manager and employee shall hold formal appraisal meetings once or twice a year. 2. Employees should be given immediate and adequate feedback regarding their performance. The manager and supervisor should maintain a record of critical incident specific situation, task, action and result negative and positive. 3. Managers and supervisors are accountable for evaluating performance in develo ping their subordinates. The manager and supervisor should also be appraising in their performance management skills. 4.The performance appraisal system shall encourage the employee’s participation in the company. Timetable PAINTWORK DATE| ACTIVITIES| START: 2nd week, March – April 2012| Feasibility studies, research and Analysis| 2nd week, March – 2nd week, July 2012| Capital Contribution| 3rd week, April – 2nd week, May 2012| Registration Permit and other Licenses| 1st and 2nd week, April 2012| Canvassing of Raw Materials and Location of the Business| 3rd week, June – 2nd week of July 2012| Setting the Place of the Business| 1st and 2nd week, June 2012| Recruitment and Hiring of Employees| 1st week , August 2012|Purchasing of Raw Materials and Equipment| 4th week, August 2012| Training of Employees| 1st week, September 2012| Ribbon Cutting and Start of the Normal Business Operation|

Meanin of Life

Eric Boggs 10/29/2012 Martin Philosophy The importation of livelihood has been debated among musical compositiony good deal end-to-end history. Different theories have been apply to quiz and explain what our endeavor is in this conduct. Ive al trends heard from my pargonnts that sustainment is in like manner short for regrets, and that there will be good and bad days. However what is it that mountain strive for in bread and butter? In human beings there is no h geniusst answer to this simple question. Some tidy sum strive for living life in the moment which philosopher Baggini can agree with.Others bring down pietism as an important way to lead their lifes as Pojman could agree with. Some like Camus desire its humanly impossible to pose the inwardness of life. Ultimately people must find it in themselves as to their office in this life. Julian Baggini speaks of our innovation in this life that is more sympathetic than Camus or Pojman. Baggini has a teleologic al sensible horizon on life sloppeding our aim is looking in advance to approaching goals and objectives. However Baggini doesnt mean that our purpose is to succeed presently avoiding soul-to-person happiness to achieve a repair future.An example he mentions is when people articulate I can die elated at a time because a lifetime fulfillment has been achieved. What is the purpose of life by and by achieving a lifelong goal, and in reality Baggini fundamentally says Why non. There is cypher to live for and the feeling of emptiness settles in as nonhing will return that lifelong achievement. Baginni says the person who sacrifices too much(prenominal) enjoyment of life to serve the purpose of future wealth and security is therefrom making the mistake of overestimating the extent to which is future life will be wagerer than the one he could have now.Most people strive for a loaded and fashionable lifestyle, but at what cost is someone willing to make for it. Baggi ni says what approximately this rich lifestyle is different than a person who doesnt have these luxuries. honest because someone has a lot of real(a) happiness doesnt mean that person is happier. In my view I take Baggini has the confine view on the heart of life because living life for a nice future musical composition taking advantages of lifes luxuries presently is a kernelful way to live.Personally Im not a deeply unearthly person, but I do hunch over people who value religion and coordinated their views in their daily actions. Pojman argues that religion specifically theistic religion gives meaning to life. Pojman begins by defining what it means to be handsome and self-directed he refers existence autonomous as creation self-governed or exemption to make your own choices. Pojman points bulge self-sufficiency is good if it serves a purpose. Whether it is doing good or bad it still serves a purpose towards life. Pojman pointed out to signalise points an agnos tic women had mentioned to him in the past.One being it is more important to be unloosen than autonomous, and the second point being Religion provides a grand meaning or purpose to live, but it does not allow humans to be free or autonomous according to the atheist women. Pojman argues freedom cant be understood apart from the notion of purposiveness. Pojman states in recite to be free one has to Act A, when you want to, in order to reach some goal G. However Pojman looked into the bigger picture as to what this atheist woman was stating. Pojman essentially contradicts her command with reasoning.Pojman says freedom and autonomy are a great deal distant from each other, but in theism it is bound together. Pojman way of defining the purpose of life wasnt as appealing to me as Baggini. Religion does play a role in aspects of peoples lives just not enough in my opinion for it to matter. Camus had different views from Pojman and Baggini because he believed life was absurd and meanin gless. Suicide was a heavy(p) idea that Camus commonly spoke of. Camus states that self-annihilation was implying you were confessing that its not worth the trouble.He used an example of a man who killed himself atomic number 23 years after his daughter had passed away. The man simply was to emotionally instable to return to his general behaviors. Camus had also mentioned absurdity which he specify a split in a man and his overall life. Camus explained that daily turning like working several hours a week and doing the same thing day-by-day will eventually come to a halt. The question is why? Why do eventually want things to change after having a stable routine life.Camus says this is fatigue which possibly leads to the idea of felo-de-se. If something abruptly changes such(prenominal) as death there are two options he implies. One being able to recover what is lost, or the other is suicide. He uses the example of Sisyphus which is a graven image that was condemned to the u nderworld. Sisyphus pushes a huge stone to the spend of this mountain only to roll sticker to the bottom to do the process from start. Camus implies that this is a usual aspect in peoples lives where being stable and having a routine is sustaining until it collapses.I feel Camus implies what is the point of living such a life if its inevitable that tragedy will plausibly occur. Ive had friends commit suicide and Ive have often wondered if there was anything I could have done about. In reality I looked at it from Camus point of view as it provided them a way out and essentially tell me life is not worth living. There in so plan that says how one should live, but but a reason to find a way to live. Baggini viewed life mostly in the moment as long as happiness and future endeavors were equilibrate.Pojman had the idea that religion played an important role in ones life while Camus thought in the end suicide seemed to be the right choice if life became too difficult. Baggini in my o pinion had the closet way in interpreting the purpose of life. Baggini explains that happiness in the present with balanced goals in the future should be a way someone should live. I for sure dont want to hold in ten years to live a rich lifestyle while family and friends trip away. Life is what one makes it, but the key is finding out what purpose do people find it.